2018年上海市青浦区涉苯企业危害现况  

Present situation of benzene hazards in related enterprises in Qingpu District of Shanghai in 2018

作　　者：周颖[1] 刘晓晓[1] 陆辰汝 顾春[1] 曹波 ZHOU Ying;LIU Xiao-xiao;LU Chen-ru;GU Chun;CAO Bo(Department of Occupational Health and Poison Control,Shanghai Qingpu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention Center,Shanghai,201700,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市青浦区疾病预防控制中心职业卫生科

出　　处：《职业与健康》2019年第20期2737-2739,2743,共4页Occupation and Health

基　　金：上海市中西医结合学会医学与健康管理科研课题(SH201747)

摘　　要：目的了解2018年上海市青浦区涉苯企业危害现况,比较定点采样和个体采样两种采样方法的优劣,为进一步做好职业病防控工作提供参考依据。方法随机抽取9家具有代表性的涉苯企业,在同一采样时间内,分别使用定点采样和个体采样方法进行采样。收集2018年107家涉苯企业1 423名劳动者职业健康检查个案卡数据进行分析。结果共采集44个样品,检测合格率为100.00%。定点检测结果中全部未检出苯,部分未检出甲苯和二甲苯;个体采样结果中,苯、甲苯和二甲苯的浓度分别为0.14(0.14~0.35)、0.36(0.14~217.00)和0.5(0.14~81.00)mg/m3。个体采样苯、甲苯、二甲苯的检出率均高于定点采样(均P<0.05)。白细胞和中性粒细胞异常率分别为10.47%和1.26%;女性白细胞异常率(6.54%)高于男性(3.94%)(P<0.01),白细胞异常率最高的是30~39岁年龄组(12.79%)和10~14年工龄组(14.80%);男性中性粒细胞异常率(1.08%)高于女性(0.15%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);随着年龄增长,中性粒细胞异常率逐渐降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);中性粒细胞的工龄分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 2018年上海市青浦区涉苯企业苯及苯系物浓度定点采样结果低于个体采样,苯接害因素作业人员白细胞和中性粒细胞异常率较高,应及时对涉苯企业进行职业卫生指导,防控职业病的发生。Objective To investigate the present situation of benzene hazards in related enterprises in Qingpu District of Shanghai in 2018, compare the pros and cons of short time area sampling and personal sampling, and provide references for the prevention and control of occupational diseases. Methods Nine factories were selected randomly among all enterprises with exposure to benzene, in which short time area sampling and personal sampling were conducted respectively at the same time. Results In2018, totally 107 benzene related enterprises and 1 423 workers were selected to analyze the data of the occupational health examination case card. 44 samples were collected and the eligible rate of samples was 100.00%. The short time area sampling results showed that the benzene was not detected in all samples, and methylbenzene and dimethyl benzene were not detected in some samples. The personal sampling results showed that the concentration of benzene, methylbenzene and dimethyl benzene was0.14(0.14-0.35), 0.36(0.14-217.00) and 0.5(0.14-81.00) mg/m3, respectively. The detection rates of benzene, methylbenzene and dimethyl by individual sampling were higher than those by short time area sampling( P < 0. 05). The abnormal rate of leukocytes and neutrophils was 10.47% and 1.26% respectively. The abnormal rate of leukocytes in females(6.54%) was higher than that in males(3.94%)(P<0.01). The abnormal rates of leukocytes were the highest in 30-39 year-old age group(12.79%) and working age group of 10-14 year(14.80%). The abnormal rate of neutrophils in males(1.08%) was higher than that in females(0.15%), and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01). The abnormal rate of neutrophils decreased with age, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01). There was statistically significant difference in neutrophil among different working age groups(P<0.05). Conclusion The concentration of benzene and its homologues by short time area sampling is lower than that by personal sampling. The abnormal rate of leukocytes and

关 键 词：苯 甲苯 二甲苯 定点采样 个体采样 

分 类 号：R135.13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]