电动微生物法修复石油和镍污染土壤的研究  

Study on Bioremediation of the Soil Contaminated with Petroleum and Nickel Enhanced by Electric Field

作　　者：马永松 李琋 罗廷 王雅璇 王兵[1,2] 来进和 MA Yongsong;LI Xi;LUO Ting;WANG Yaxuan;WANG Bing;LAI Jinhe(Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500,China;Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Prevention on Oil and Gas Fields and Environmental Safety in Sichuan,Chengdu 610500,China;Yumen Oilfield Branch,China Petroleum and Natural Gas Co.,Ltd.,Jiuquan 735000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学化学化工学院,四川成都610500 [2]四川省环境保护油气田污染防治与环境安全重点实验室,四川成都610500 [3]中国石油天然气股份有限公司玉门油田分公司,甘肃酒泉735000

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2019年第8期201-208,共8页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：四川省科技厅(2018JY0017)

摘　　要：针对石油-重金属污染的土壤日益严峻的现象及各种土壤修复技术存在的不足,采用快速、高效、对环境干扰较小的电动微生物法,对石油烃含量为16 000 mg/kg,镍含量为400 mg/kg的共污染土壤进行修复。在不同电压梯度下对土壤pH值、电导率和石油烃的降解和镍的去除效果进行研究,同时采用石油烃组分分析法和BCR法分步提取不同形态的镍,对不同组分的石油烃组分的降解和不同形态镍的迁移转化情况进行分析。实验结果表明,随着电压的增加,土壤中不同形态的镍去除效果明显,不同组分的石油烃的去除最佳电压值为1 V/cm。阴阳离子交换膜的使用和电解质的定期更换表明,阴阳离子交换膜的作用可以维持土壤pH值的稳定,从而增强微生物对石油烃的降解和电场对重金属Ni不同形态的迁移转化。在最佳修复电压值1 V/cm下,15 d后,石油烃的降解率达到了46.85%,镍的去除率达到了38.52%。因此,采用阴阳离子交换膜的电动微生物法,是修复混合污染土壤的理想的修复方法之一。In view of the increasingly severe phenomenon of petroleum-heavy metal contaminated soil and the deficiency of various soil remediation techniques, a rapid, efficient and less environmental disturbance electric microorganism method was used to remediate the contaminated soil with petroleum hydrocarbons content of 16 000 mg/kg and nickel content of 400 mg/kg. The effects of pH, conductivity, petroleum hydrocarbon degradation and nickel removal were studied under different voltage gradients. Petroleum hydrocarbons were analyzed by multicomponent analysis and different speciation of nickel were extracted by the method of BCR. The degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon components and the migration and transformation of different speciations of nickel were analyzed. The results show that, with the increase of voltage, the removal effect of different speciations of nickel in soil is obvious, and the optimum voltage value of petroleum hydrocarbon removal with different components is 1 V/cm. The use of anion exchange membrane and the periodic replacement of electrolytes showed that the effect of anion exchange membrane could maintain the pH value of soil to be stable, thus enhancing the microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons and the migration and transformation of different speciations of heavy metal Ni in the electric field.After 15 days, at the best remediate voltage of 1 V/cm, the degradation rate of petroleum hydrocarbon reached 46.85%, and the removal rate of nickel reached 38.52%. Therefore, the electrokinetic microorganism method with anion exchange membrane is one of the ideal methods for remediation of mixed contaminated soil.

关 键 词：电动微生物 石油烃 镍 电场强度 形态转化 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]