1980年以来5个时期珠江三角洲滨海湿地景观格局及其变化特征  

Landscape Patterns of Coastal Wetlands in Pearl River Delta and Their Changes for 5 Periods since 1980

作　　者：周昊昊 杜嘉[2] 南颖[1] 宋开山[2] 赵博宇 项小云 ZHOU Haohao;DU Jia;NAN Ying;SONG Kaishan;ZHAO Boyu;XIANG Xiaoyun(School of Geography and Ocean Science,Yanbian University,Yanji 133000,Jilin,P.R.China;Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,Jilin,P.R.China;College of T ourist and Geoscience,Jilin Normal University,Siping 136000,Jilin,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]延边大学地理与海洋科学学院,吉林延吉130000 [2]中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室,中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130102 [3]吉林师范大学旅游与地理科学学院,吉林四平136000

出　　处：《湿地科学》2019年第5期559-566,共8页Wetland Science

基　　金：中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所“一三五”规划暨特色所服务项目(Y6H209001)资助

摘　　要：以珠江三角洲滨海湿地为研究对象,利用1980年、1990年、2000年、2010年和2015年的Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI影像数据,采用面向对象的遥感影像分类方法,提取珠江三角洲滨海湿地信息;利用土地利用动态度模型、马尔柯夫转移矩阵和景观指数等,研究5个时期珠江三角洲滨海湿地的景观格局及其变化特征和影响因素。研究结果表明,与1980年相比,2015年珠江三角洲滨海天然湿地明显萎缩,面积减少了189 km^2,人工湿地明显扩张,面积增加了284 km^2;在研究区内,天然湿地萎缩主要是由于河口水域、红树林和盐水沼泽被转变为养殖池;随着时间的推移,5个时期研究区湿地景观的破碎化程度不断加重,湿地斑块形状越来越不规则,边界越来越复杂,人类活动对湿地的干扰强度加剧,斑块类型向多样化发展;在气候变化的背景下,人口快速增长、滩涂开发、围填海活动、海砂开采和水利工程等是导致研究区滨海湿地萎缩的主要因素,其中,滩涂开发和围填海活动是使天然滨海湿地消失的直接因素。Land use/land cover information of the coastal wetlands was extracted from long-term series of Landsat MSS/TM/ETM +/OLI images in 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2015, respectively in the Pearl River Deltaby using the object-oriented classification method. The landscape pattern of the coastal wetlands in Pearl River Delta and the effects of natural and human factors on the changes of the coastal wetlands were analyzed by land use dynamics model, Markov transition matrix and landscape indexes. The results showed that the coastal wetlands in the Pearl River Delta changed dramatically for 5 periods. The natural wetlands shrank,with a total area loss of 189 km^2, while the constructed wetlands expanded generally, with a total area increase of 284 km^2. The conversion from natural wetlands towards constructed wetlands was predominant in changes among various wetland types in Pearl River Delta. The conversion from estuarine water, mangrove forest and salt marsh towards aquaculture pond took the largest proportion of its total conversion. Compared with the situation in the 1980, the fragmentation of wetland landscape was much higher in 2015. The patch shape of wetland was more irregular and the patch boundary was more complex, meanwhile disturbance from human activities was enhanced, and the patch type was diversified. With the effect of climate change, the main driving factors from human activities were rapid population growth, shore reclamation activities, and hydraulic engineering and sea sand mining. Various human activities were the key factors for the loss of natural wetlands.

关 键 词：滨海湿地 景观格局 河口 围填海 珠江三角洲 

分 类 号：P94[天文地球—自然地理学] P901