薄壳山核桃果实发育后期油脂和矿质养分动态变化分析  

Analysis of Dynamic Changes of Oil and Mineral Nutrients in Pecan at the Late Stage of Fruit Development

作　　者：常君[1] 任华东[1] 姚小华[1] 杨水平[2] 王开良[1] CHANG Jun;REN Hua-dong;YAO Xiao-hua;YANG Shui-ping;WANG Kai-liang(Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Hangzhou 311400,Zhejiang,China;College of Resource and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,浙江杭州311400 [2]西南大学资源与环境学院,重庆400716

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2019年第6期122-129,共8页Forest Research

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CAFYBB2017ZA004-8);浙江省农业(果品)新品种选育重大科技专项(2016C02052-13)

摘　　要：[目的]研究薄壳山核桃果实发育后期油脂积累与果实矿质元素变化规律,为进一步开展薄壳山核桃油脂转化与调控研究提供理论依据。[方法]以薄壳山核桃‘马罕’、‘28号’品种为研究对象,在果实发育后期取样测定果实大小与质量、粗脂肪含量及脂肪酸组成和果实不同部位矿质元素含量,分析油脂积累和矿质元素动态变化规律及其相关性。[结果]结果表明:薄壳山核桃果实发育后期种仁不饱和脂肪酸含量不断增加,饱和脂肪酸含量逐渐减少;种仁粗脂肪含量和脂肪酸含量随果实发育变化品种间表现出差异,‘28号’品种种仁粗脂肪含量不断提高,而‘马罕’品种粗脂肪含量却表现出先不断提高后出现小幅下降;‘28号’品种油酸、硬脂酸含量表现出不断上升的趋势,花生酸和棕榈酸含量逐步降低,‘马罕’品种亚油酸和亚麻酸含量先增加后又逐渐降低,‘28号’品种亚油酸和亚麻酸含量则逐步降低;薄壳山核桃果实种仁粗脂肪累积与矿质元素氮、磷、钾和钙含量成显著或极显著负相关。[结论]薄壳山核桃果实发育后期种仁脂肪含量随果实发育而提高,油脂中脂肪酸组成比例随果实发育而变化,存在饱和脂肪酸向不饱和脂肪酸转化趋势;种仁粗脂肪含量及油脂中脂肪酸含量随果实发育变化品种间存在差异;薄壳山核桃果实发育后期矿质元素氮、磷、钾和钙含量与油脂积累存在显著相关性,这些矿质元素可能在薄壳山核桃种仁油脂累积和脂肪酸转化中发挥作用。[Objective]To study the oil accumulation and the changes of mineral elements in the pecan(Carya illinoinensis)fruit during the late development stage,and provide a theoretical basis for further research on the transformation and regulation of pecan oil.[Method]The pecan varieties‘Mahan’and‘No.28’were used as experimental materials.Through studying the fruit quality,the oil transformation and the dynamic change of crude fat content,fatty acid composition and mineral elements content in different part of fruit in the later stage of fruit development,the relationship between oil accumulation and mineral elements was investigated.[Result]The results showed that the unsaturated fatty acid content of fruit kernel increased and then decreased in the later stage of pecan fruit development.The crude fat content and fatty acid content of fruit kernel were different with fruit development,for‘No.28’,the crude fat content in fruit kernel increased continuously,while for‘Mahan’,after increasing,the crude fat content showed a slight decreasing trend.The content of oleic acid and stearic acid increased,while the arachidic acid and palmitic acid decreased gradually.The content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid increased at first and then decreased in‘Mahan’,but decreased in‘No.28’.There was a significant or extremely significant negative correlations between the crude fat accumulation and the mineral elements content such as nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and calcium in fruit kernels.[Conclusion]The fat content in fruit kernel increases and the fatty acid composition in the oil changes with the development,and There is a tendency of conversion from saturated fatty acid to unsaturated fatty acid.There are differences among varieties in the changes of crude fat content of fruit kernel and fatty acid content of oil during the development of fruit.The contents of mineral elements such as nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and calcium in the late stage of pecan fruit development are significantly correlated with t

关 键 词：薄壳山核桃 油脂积累 矿质元素 相关性 

分 类 号：S759.3[农业科学—森林经理学]