智能社会法律的算法实施及其规制的法理基础——以著作权领域在线内容分享平台的自动侵权检测为例  

Jurisprudential Basis of the Algorithmic Law Enforcement and Its Regulation in the Intelligent Society: Taking the Automatic Copyright Infringement Monitoring of the Online Content Sharing Platform as an Example

作　　者：张吉豫[1,2] Zhang Jiyu

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院 [2]中国人民大学未来法治研究院

出　　处：《法制与社会发展》2019年第6期81-98,共18页Law and Social Development

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目(2015030030)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：随着信息网络空间日益成为人类活动的重要空间,智能算法在网络空间被广泛运用,我们正在快速进入智能社会。在智能社会中,法律的算法实施及其规制是不容忽视的重要问题。著作权领域法律的算法实施较早地开始实践,提供了一个有益的观察视角。世界范围内著作权法治实践逐渐脱离传统的避风港规则,从平台自发采用侵权检测算法、司法裁判对平台责任加重、立法确立新原则这三个维度,加强了在线用户分享内容平台的事前审查,激励了网络空间中著作权的算法实施机制和规制的创新与发展。智能社会中著作权算法实施具有必然性和积极意义。其规制机制应以信息的合法高效流通原则,算法权力与公权力、私权利平衡原则,共享经济、新零工经济的"助推型"治理理念,"共建共治共享"的社会治理理念等智能社会的法理信念为指引,构建用户与平台之间新的利益平衡机制、超越"过滤义务"的多元共治机制、著作权状态及归属的公信认证机制、争端解决的"在线合议"机制。As cyberspace becomes an increasingly significant space for human activities, with the widely usage of intelligent algorithms in cyberspace, we are entering the intelligent society. Algorithmic law enforcement is a non-ignorable issue. Copyright law has been at the forefront of algorithmic law enforcement, and thus provides a useful perspective. There is a globe trend to break through the traditional safe harbor rules. The online content share service providers are enhancing ex ante copyright licensing and infringement monitoring, either as a voluntary measure or a result of the judicial and legislative practice. This encourages the innovation and development of the online algorithmic copyright enforcement measures and regulations. The algorithmic law enforcement in an intelligent society has inevitability and positive influence. The regulation of the algorithm should be guided by the legal principles and beliefs of an intelligent society, such as the principle of legal and efficient information flow, the principle of balancing algorithmic power, public power and private rights, the conception of the"promoting"governance of sharing economy and the new gig economy, and the governance idea of"Collaboration, Participation, and Common Interests". It should construct a new balance of interests between users and platforms, a co-governance mechanism beyond the"filtering obligation", an authentication mechanism of the status and right-owner of a copyright, and an online collegiate mechanism for dispute resolution.

关 键 词：智能社会 避风港规则 过滤义务 法律的算法实施 算法规制 版权区块链 在线争端解决 共建共治共享 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]