Elimination of a Retrotransposon for Quenching Genome Instability in Modern Rice  

作　　者：Yu Peng Yingying Zhang Yijie Gui Dong An Junzhong Liu Xun Xu Qun Li Junmin Wang Wen Wang Chunhai Shi Longjiang Fan Baorong Lu Yiwen Deng Sheng Teng Zuhua He 

机构地区：[1]National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences,Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology&Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200032,China [2]The Protected Horticulture Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China [3]School of Life Sciences,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China [4]College of Agriculture and Biotechnology,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China [5]Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650223,China [6]Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,China

出　　处：《Molecular Plant》2019年第10期1395-1407,共13页分子植物（英文版）

基　　金：grants from the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB27040201);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91640114).

摘　　要：Transposable elements(TEs)constitute the most abundant portions of plant genomes and can dramatically shape host genomes during plant evolution.They also play important roles in crop domestication.However,whether TEs themselves are also selected during crop domestication has remained unknown.Here,we identify an active long terminal repeat(LTR)retrotransposon,HUO,as a potential target of selection during rice domestication and breeding.HUO is a low-copy-number LTR retrotransposon,and is active under natural growth conditions and transmitted through male gametogenesis,preferentially inserting into genomic regions capable of transcription.HUO exists in all wild rice accessions and about half of the archaeological rice grains(1200–7000 years ago)and landraces surveyed,but is absent in almost all modern varieties,indicating its gradual elimination during rice domestication and breeding.Further analyses showed that HUO is subjected to strict gene silencing through the RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway.Our results also suggest that multiple HUO copies may trigger genomic instability through altering genome-wide DNA methylation and small RNA biogenesis and changing global gene expression,resulting in decreased disease resistance and yield,coinciding with its elimination during rice breeding.Together,our study suggests that negative selection of an active retrotransposon might be important for genome stability during crop domestication and breeding.

关 键 词：LTR RETROTRANSPOSON GENOME instability evolution DOMESTICATION resistance 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]