甄别与分类:论代孕案件基础争议的解决进路  

Identification and Classification: Solutions of Fundamental Surrogacy Disputes

作　　者：徐文[1] XU Wen(Law School,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010 China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学法学院

出　　处：《河北法学》2019年第11期136-152,共17页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：四川省社科规划青年项目《互联网共享单车的风险管理与软法自治研究》(SC17C064);国家留学基金委西部项目资助(201608515077);西南科技大学龙山学术人才科研支持计划(18LSX613)

摘　　要：生物科技的发展正改变着人类传统的繁衍方式。作为合作生殖技术之一的代孕技术却在我国处于尴尬境地:禁而不止、由明转暗。从代孕所涉主体的权利义务内容出发,也许是解决困境的出路。在代孕合同及其条款的效力认定上,宜在区分商业型代孕与非商业型代孕的基础上区别对待;在对代孕婴儿法律上母亲的认定上,宜在区分传统型代孕和妊娠型代孕的基础上,分别采取"分娩者为母"标准与"若非……则否"标准;在对代孕婴儿法律上父亲的认定上,宜根据代孕人配偶的意思表示,采取"代孕人配偶优先+基因父亲补位"原则;在对代孕婴儿监护权归属的认定上,宜采取儿童最佳利益原则。The development of biotechnology is changing the traditional way of human reproduction.As one of the cooperative reproductive technologies,surrogate technology is in an awkward situation in China:the official prohibition has nearly no effect,and the dark market is pushed forward.It might be a possible way to solve the dilemma if observed from the content of rights and obligations of the subjects involved in surrogacy.Conclusions are reached as follows:it is advisable to decide the legal effect of surrogacy contract and its clauses based on differentiating commercial surrogacy and non-commercial surrogacy;It is advisable to identify the motherhood of surrogate baby on differentiating traditional surrogacy and gestational surrogacy,taking criteria of"the woman who gave birth should be recognized as the mother"and the criteria of"but…for"respectively;It is advisable to identify the fatherhood of surrogate baby on respecting the willingness of surrogate’s legal spouse,taking the principle of"legal spouse chooses first and genetic father chooses second";It is advisable to take the principle of children’s best interest in judging the ownership of guardianship.

关 键 词：代孕合同 合作生殖 传统型代孕 妊娠型代孕 监护权 

分 类 号：DF552[政治法律—民商法学]