多次刈割对黄土高原地区燕麦干草产量和营养品质的影响  

Effects of multiple mowing on hay yield and nutritional quality of oat in the Loess Plateau

作　　者：徐然然 杨天辉 常生华[1] 刘永杰 贾倩民 侯扶江[1] XU Ranran;YANG Tianhui;CHANG Shenghua;LIU Yongjie;JIA Qianmin;HOU Fujiang(State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems/Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry,Ministry of Education/College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,Gansu,China;Institute of Animal Science,Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002 Ningxia,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室/兰州大学农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室/兰州大学草地农业教育部工程研究中心/兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020 [2]宁夏农林科学院动物科学研究所,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《草业科学》2019年第12期3120-3129,共10页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：长江学者和创新团队发展计划资助(IRT_17R50);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(lzujbky-2019-33);兰州大学“双一流”引导专项–队伍建设经费–科研启动费(561119204);国家自然科学基金(31672472);中国科学院战略重点研究计划(XDA2010010203);973国家重点基础研究计划课题(2014CB138706);2018年度甘肃省科技重大专项计划项目(18ZD2FA009)

摘　　要：燕麦(Avena sativa)目前已是我国第一大禾本科商品草,其进口量持续增长,饲草缺口不断扩大,研究燕麦高产优质的管理措施对推进我国畜牧业健康发展具有重要的实践意义。本研究在我国黄土高原地区开展了2年田间试验,探究了多次刈割对燕麦产量和营养品质的影响。结果表明:1)两年多次刈割处理的平均株高、分蘖数和干草产量显著(P<0.05)低于常规刈割,但株高累积量、总分蘖枝条数和总产量较常规刈割分别增加99.6%、315.0%和255.5%(P<0.05),并且第2次刈割(M2)的分蘖数和产量显著(P<0.05)高于其他刈割茬次。2)多次刈割可显著(P<0.05)降低平均中性洗涤纤维(neutral detergent fiber,NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(acid detergent fiber,ADF)含量,提高平均粗蛋白(crude protein,CP)和灰分(Ash)含量,且在5次刈割中M2的CP含量最高。多次刈割较常规刈割显著(P<0.05)提高了Ash、CP和粗脂肪(ether extract,EE)的总产量,降低了NDF和ADF总产量。3)在多次刈割条件下,燕麦产量与NDF、ADF和CP含量极显著(P<0.01)正相关。综上所述,在黄土高原地区多次刈割可提高燕麦产量和营养品质,是一种适宜该地区燕麦草地的管理措施。Presently,oat(Avena sativa)is the most abundant imported commercial grass of Gramineae in China,and the volume of such import is still increasing;however,the forage production gap in China is widening.It is of great practical significance to explore the management strategies of high hay yield and nutritional quality of oats for promoting the sustainable development of animal husbandry in China.In this study,a 2-year field experiment was carried out in the Loess Plateau of China,where the effects of multiple mowing on oat hay yield and nutritional quality were studied.The results showed that 1)the average plant height,tiller number,and hay yield of multiple mowing in two years were significantly lower than those of normal mowing(P<0.05).Nonetheless,the 2-year average plant height accumulation,total tiller number,and total yield increased by 99.6%,315.0%,and 255.5%,respectively,compared with normal mowing(P<0.05).The tiller number and hay yield of the second mowing(M2)were significantly higher than those of the other mowing treatments(P<0.05).2)The multiple mowing treatment significantly reduced the average NDF and ADF content and increased the average CP and Ash content.The CP content of M2 was the highest in the five times mowing.Compared with normal mowing,multiple mowing significantly increased the total yield of Ash,CP,EE,decreased the total yield of NDF and ADF.3)Under multiple mowing conditions,the oat hay yield was positively correlated with NDF,ADF and CP content(P<0.01).In conclusion,multiple mowing in the Loess Plateau can increase the oat hay yield and its nutritional quality.Thus,multiple mowing is a suitable management strategy for oat grassland in this area.

关 键 词：黄土高原 燕麦 刈割 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S543.6[农业科学—作物学]