俄罗斯住房体制转型评析  

Analysis on the Transformation of Russian Housing System

作　　者：张丹[1] Zhang Dan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所

出　　处：《俄罗斯学刊》2019年第6期70-88,共19页Academic Journal of Russian Studies

基　　金：中国社会科学院世界历史研究所创新工程项目《俄罗斯东欧中亚：社会经济与历史文化》阶段性成果

摘　　要：1991年,在自由市场经济思想引导下,俄罗斯住房体制开始从国家化向市场化转型。公有住房免费私有化运动对住房所有制结构的质变起到关键作用,从1994年开始,俄罗斯已实现公房为主向私房为主的根本性转变。产权转移必然伴随管理权的变更,管理格局由单一化向分散化改变,住房公用事业服务由低付费转为按标准收取。为配合产权机制改革,住房建设结构也由主要是国家承担向多元化转换。建设结构的变化引发分配机制的变动,由苏联时期“国家为主、市场微弱”变为“市场主导、国家辅助”的分配格局。住房体制转型的实质是权力的重新分配。经过近30年的改革,俄罗斯人民的居住条件得到了改善,但进步有限。至今,住房结构仍以苏联时期的老房为主,独立后新建的并不多。这种结构带来的问题,消极影响着全国大多数居民的住房条件。Under the guidance of free market economic thought,Russian housing system began to transform from nationalization to marketization in 1991.The free privatization of public housing played a key role in the qualitative change of housing ownership structure.Since 1994,Russia has realized the fundamental transformation from public housing to private housing.The transfer of property right is inevitably accompanied by the change of management right,the change of management pattern from centralization to decentralization,and the change of housing public utility service from low payment to standard collection.In order to cooperate with the reform of property right mechanism,the housing construction structure is also changed from being mainly undertaken by the state to being diversified.The change of construction structure led to the change of distribution mechanism from the state dominated market in the Soviet era to the market dominated and stateassisted distribution pattern.The essence of housing system transformation is the redistribution of power.After nearly 30 years of reform,the living conditions of the Russian people have improved,but progress was limited.Up to now,the housing structure is still dominated by the old houses in the Soviet era,and there are not many new houses after 1991.The problems caused by this structure have a negative impact on the housing conditions of the majority of the country's residents.

关 键 词：俄罗斯 住房体制 转型 免费私有化 

分 类 号：D73[政治法律—政治学] D77.512.83[政治法律—中外政治制度]