俄罗斯有关苏联时期档案的数字化与苏联史研究——以“苏维埃时期档案”数据库为例  

The Digitalization of Russian Archives in the Soviet Era and the Study of Soviet History——Taking the Database of Soviet Archives

作　　者：周国长[1] 曲万涛 Zhou Guochang;Qu Wantao

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院俄罗斯东欧中亚研究所 [2]黑龙江省社会科学信息中心

出　　处：《俄罗斯学刊》2019年第6期104-119,共16页Academic Journal of Russian Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目《苏联传媒体制研究》（项目批准号：15BXW007）阶段性成果

摘　　要：苏联解体以来,俄罗斯政府在档案管理方面贯彻国际通用的公开性、资源共享和自由使用原则,将大量超过30年保密期限的苏联时期的解密档案向社会开放,引发了一场“档案革命”和苏联史研究的新潮流。2012年普京第三次担任俄罗斯总统后,进一步提升了俄罗斯有关苏联时期档案的开放度,推动了其数字化进展,并通过相关立法和国家规划建设“苏维埃时期档案”数据库,其背后的深层动因在于俄罗斯政府将苏联时期的历史档案作为治理本国历史问题的基石和反击西方“修正”有关苏联历史记忆的手段。甚至可以说,数据库的建设反映了俄罗斯政府对现实政治的关怀。现今数据库中的档案主要包含以下五大模块:1917年俄国革命档案、1917—1932年联共(布)中央委员会政治局档案、共产国际档案、斯大林个人档案以及第二次世界大战相关档案等。不言而喻,档案文献数字化深化和拓展了苏联史研究以及国际共产主义运动史研究。Since the collapse of the Soviet Union,the Russian government has implemented the internationally accepted principle of open resource sharing and free use in the management of archives,and opened a large number of declassified archives of the Soviet era that have been kept secret for more than 30 years to the society,triggering a new trend of archival revolution and the study of the history of the Soviet Union.After Vladimir Putin as Russia's President for the third time in 2012,the openness and digitization of Russian archives related to the Soviet era were improved further,and through the relevant legislation and national planning to build the Soviet archives database.The underlying motivation lies in the fact that the Russian government takes the historical archives of the Soviet era as the cornerstone of the governance of its own historical problems and the means to counter the western correction of the historical memory of the Soviet Union.It can even be said that the construction of the database reflects the Russian government's concern for realpolitik.The archives in the current database mainly include the following five modules:the archives of the Russian revolution in 1917,the archives of the politburo of the All-Union Communist Party(Bolsheviks)in 1917-1932,the archives of the Comintern,the archives of Stalin's personal file and the archives related to the Second World War.It is self-evident that the digitalization of archival documents has deepened and expanded the study of the history of the Soviet Union and the history of the international communist movement.

关 键 词：苏联 解密档案 苏联史 

分 类 号：K512.5[历史地理—历史学]