大豆出苗期耐盐性鉴定方法建立及耐盐种质筛选  

Establishment of screening method for salt tolerant soybean at emergence stage and screening of tolerant germplasm

作　　者：刘谢香 常汝镇[1] 关荣霞[1] 邱丽娟[1] LIU Xie-Xiang;CHANG Ru-Zhen;GUAN Rong-Xia;QIU Li-Juan(Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement(NFCRI)/Key Laboratory of Germplasm Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/国家农作物基因资源与遗传改良重大科学工程/农业部种质资源利用重点实验室

出　　处：《作物学报》2020年第1期1-8,共8页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31830066)资助~~

摘　　要：土壤盐渍化是影响农业生产的重要问题,筛选耐盐大豆资源对于大豆主产区盐渍化土壤的利用具有重要意义。以中黄35、中黄39、Williams82、铁丰8号、Peking和NY27-38为供试材料,以蛭石为培养基质,设0、100和150 mmol L?1 NaCl 3个处理,进行出苗期耐盐性鉴定,分析与生长相关的6个指标,旨在明确大豆出苗期耐盐性鉴定指标和评价方法。结果表明, 150 mmol L?1NaCl处理显著降低大豆的成苗率、株高、地上部鲜重、根鲜重、地上部干重和根干重,并且不同材料间差异显著。基于幼苗生长发育状况的耐盐指数方法与耐盐系数方法对6份种质耐盐性评价结果显著相关。耐盐指数法对植株无损坏、可省略种植对照,节约人力和物力,提高种质鉴定的效率。因此,以150 mmol L?1 NaCl作为出苗期耐盐鉴定浓度,以耐盐指数作为大豆出苗期耐盐鉴定评价指标,鉴定27份大豆资源,获得出苗期高度耐盐大豆(1级) 3份、耐盐大豆(2级) 7份,其中4份苗期也高度耐盐(1级),分别为运豆101、郑1311、皖宿1015和铁丰8号。本研究建立了一种以蛭石为基质,利用150 mmol L?1 NaCl处理,以耐盐指数作为评价指标的大豆出苗期耐盐性鉴定评价的简便方法,并筛选出4份出苗期和苗期均耐盐的大豆,对耐盐大豆种质资源的高效鉴定和耐盐大豆新品种培育具有重要意义。Salinity is an important factor affecting crop production. Screening salt tolerant soybean germplasm is of great significance for the utilization of salinized soil in major soybean production regions. In order to select salt tolerant soybean, a screening method was developed by using six soybean accessions, including Zhonghuang 35, Zhonghuang 39, Williams 82, Tiefeng 8, Peking, and NY27-38. Seeds were grown in vermiculite and treated with 0, 100, and 150 mmol L?1 NaCl solution. Seedling rate(SR), plant height(H), fresh weight of shoot and root(FWS and FWR), dry weight of shoot and root(DWS and DWR) were decreased significantly under 150 mmol L?1 NaCl treatment, with significant difference among varieties. Therefore, 150 mmol L?1 NaCl was suitable to identify salt tolerant soybean at emergence stage. The salt tolerance index(SI) based on the growth and development of seedlings and the salt tolerance coefficient(ST) were significantly correlated with the salt tolerance. The method using salt tolerance index is non-destructive and does not require planting control, which could save time and labor in salt tolerant germplasm identification. Twenty-seven soybean resources were screened, in which three were highly tolerant(grade 1) and seven tolerant(grade 2) at emergence stage. Among them, Yundou 101, Zheng 1311, Wansu 1015, and Tiefeng 8 also showed salt tolerance(grade 1) at seedling stage. In summary, an effective method for screening salt tolerant soybean at emergence stage was developed, with vermiculite as the substrate, 150 mmol L?1 NaCl as suitable treatment solution, and salt tolerance index as the indicator. Four soybean accessions were found to be salt tolerant at both emergence and seedling stages. This screening method will be useful for identification of salt tolerant soybean germplasm.

关 键 词：大豆 出苗期 耐盐性 鉴定方法 

分 类 号：S43[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]