西南玉米机械粒收籽粒破碎率现状及影响因素分析  

Current status and influencing factors of broken rate in mechanical grain harvesting of maize in Southwest China

作　　者：赵波 李小龙 周茂林[2] 宋碧[3] 雷恩[4] 李钟 吴雅薇[1] 袁继超[1] 孔凡磊[1] ZHAO Bo;LI Xiao-Long;ZHOU Mao-Lin;SONG Bi;LEI En;LI Zhong;WU Ya-Wei;YUAN Ji-Chao;KONG Fan-Lei(College of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University/Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 611130,Sichuan,China;Corn Research Institute,Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 401329,China;College of Agronomy,Guizhou Agricultural University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;Honghe University,Honghe 661106,Yunnan,China;Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchong 637000,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院/作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室,四川成都611130 [2]重庆市农业科学院玉米研究所,重庆401329 [3]贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳550025 [4]红河学院,云南红河661106 [5]南充市农业科学院,四川南充637000

出　　处：《作物学报》2020年第1期74-83,共10页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300307,2017YFD0301704)资助~~

摘　　要：籽粒破碎率高是西南玉米机械粒收技术发展和应用的主要限制因素。明确当前西南玉米机械粒收籽粒破碎率现状,研究其主要影响因素,对推动西南玉米机械粒收的发展具有重要意义。利用2017-2018年在西南区开展的多点多品种系列粒收试验获得的788组籽粒破碎率样本数据,分析了西南玉米机械粒收籽粒破碎率现状,并于2018年采用同一机型、同一操作人员开展多品种、大跨度多收期试验,调查不同收获时期籽粒破碎率、含水率、力学强度变化,分析籽粒含水率、力学强度与破碎率的关系。结果表明,当前西南玉米机械粒收籽粒破碎率范围为0.54%~42.72%,平均值为8.34%。随机械粒收时期推迟,籽粒含水率下降,籽粒力学强度增加,破碎率先降低后逐渐升高。破碎率(y)与籽粒含水率(x)间的关系符合y=0.0329x2-1.3328x+15.529(R2=0.5467**)方程,在籽粒含水率为20.26%时破碎率最低,破碎率≤5%的籽粒含水率范围为10.76%~29.76%;破碎率(y)与籽粒立面(x立面)和侧面(x侧面)压碎强度的关系符合y=0.0006x立面2-0.2692x立面+32.7030(R2=0.3138**)和y=0.0021x侧面2-0.6092x侧面+46.979(R2=0.3790**)方程,当籽粒立面和侧面压碎强度为224.33 N和145.05 N时破碎率最低。籽粒压碎强度与含水率呈极显著负相关。随收获时期推迟,籽粒含水率下降导致其力学强度的改变是影响破碎率变化的主要原因,通过选育和选用后期立秆能力强、籽粒脱水快的品种,当籽粒含水率降至28%以下进行机械粒收是降低西南玉米机械粒收籽粒破碎率的重要举措。Maize mechanical grain harvesting is the development direction of maize production in Southwest China. High grain broken rate is the main limiting factor for the development and application of this technology. It is of great significance to clarify the current status of broken rate of mechanical grain harvesting in Southwest China, to study the main influencing factors, so as to promote the development of mechanical grain harvesting in Southwest China. Using 788 sets of sample data of grain broken rate obtained from a series of multi-point and multi-variety grain harvesting experiments conducted in Southwest China from 2017 to 2018, the present situation of mechanical grain broken rate in Southwest China was analyzed. In 2018, the same machine and operator were used to carry out multi-variety, long-span and multi-harvest experiments to investigate the changes of grain broken rate, grain moisture content and grain mechanical strength in different harvest periods, and to analyze the relationship among grain moisture content, grain mechanical strength and broken rate. The broken rate of mechanically harvested grains was 0.54%–42.72% with the average of 8.34% in Southwest China. With the delayed mechanical grain harvesting, the moisture content of grains decreased, the crushing strength of grains increased, and the broken rate of grains decreased first and then increased. The relationship between broken rate(y) and grain moisture content(x) was in accordance with the equation y = 0.0329 x2-1.3328 x + 15.529(R2 = 0.5467**). The broken rate was the lowest when the moisture content of grains was 20.26%. The range of moisture content of the grains with a broken rate less than 5% was 10.76%–29.76%. The relationship between broken rate(y) and crushing strength of grain facade(xfacade) and side(xside) was in accordance with the equations of y = 0.0006 xfacade2-0.2692 xfacade + 32.7030(R2 = 0.3138**) and y = 0.0021 xside2-0.6092 xside + 46.979(R2 = 0.3790**), respectively. When the crushing strength of grain facade and s

关 键 词：西南玉米 机械粒收 破碎率 含水率 力学强度 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]