论中国与东盟国家在《南海行为准则》框架下构建打击南海海上跨国犯罪的法律机制  

On the Legal Mechanism for Combating Transnational Crimes in the South China Sea Established by China and ASEAN Countries under the Framework of the Code of Conduct in the South China Sea

作　　者：王勇[1] Wang Yong

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学国际法学院

出　　处：《政治与法律》2019年第12期95-107,共13页Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“军民融合战略下海上通道安全法治保障研究”(项目编号:18ZDA155);国家社会科学基金一般项目“国际法视角下中国与东盟国家磋商制定‘南海行为准则’问题研究”(项目编号:16BFX207)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：南海地区长期以来不仅是海盗和武装劫持的多发地,而且还有很多恐怖组织在海上活动,严重威胁南海的和平与稳定。目前国际社会虽然有《联合国海洋法公约》和《反对劫持人质公约》等国际条约对海上跨国犯罪活动有所规制,但在打击南海海上跨国犯罪活动的法律适用方面存在诸多局限,难以发挥有效的作用。在当前中国与东盟国家正在磋商制定《南海行为准则》的背景下,在《南海行为准则》框架下构建打击南海海上跨国犯罪的法律机制,不但有着坚实的实践基础、良好的法律基础和有效的制度基础,而且是《南海行为准则》长期以来的重点关注领域。在法律模式选择上,不管《南海行为准则》最终如何定性,中国与东盟国家都可以通过一份《南海行为准则》的附加议定书形成,详细规定合作打击南海海上跨国犯罪的具体机制,并且赋予其法律拘束力。在这种《南海行为准则》框架下,还要对中国与东盟国家打击南海海上跨国犯罪的具体内容进行设计。There have not only been piracy and armed hijackings happened but also many terrorist organizations taking actions in South China Sea for a long time, which seriously threaten the peace and stability of the South China Sea. At present, although there are international treaties such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Convention against the Taking of Hostages in the international community to regulate transnational criminal activities at sea, they have many limitations in combating transnational criminal activities in the South China Sea and cannot play an effective role. In the context that China and ASEAN countries are negotiating on the formulation of the Code of Conduct in the South China Sea( "Code of Conduct"), the establishment of a legal mechanism for combating transnational crimes in the South China Sea under the framework of "Code of Conduct" does not only enjoy a solid practical basis, a good legal basis and an effective institutional basis, but also is a long-term focus area of "Code of Conduct". Regarding the choice of legal model, no matter what the nature of " Code of Conduct" is finally determined as,China and ASEAN countries could adopt an additional protocol to "Code of Conduct", detailing the specific mechanisms for cooperatively combating transnational crimes in the South China Sea and granting them legal binding force. In addition, the specific legal content on combating transnational crimes in the South China Sea by China and ASEAN countries shall be designed under the framework of "Code of Conduct".

关 键 词：行为准则 南海 海上跨国犯罪 法律机制 

分 类 号：DF935[政治法律—国际法学]