渤海沉积物重金属环境质量评价及其影响因素  

Environmental quality assessment and influence factor of heavy metals in the surface sediments from the Bohai Sea

作　　者：朱爱美 张辉 崔菁菁 胡宁静 刘季花 Zhu Aimei;Zhang Hui;Cui Jingjing;Hu Ningjing;Liu Jihua(First Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Qingdao 266061,China;Key Laboratory of State Oceanic Administration for Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology,Ministry Natural Resources,Qingdao 266061,China;Laboratory for Marine Geology,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部第一海洋研究所,山东青岛266061 [2]自然资源部海洋沉积与环境地质重点实验室,山东青岛266061 [3]青岛国家海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《海洋学报》2019年第12期134-144,共11页

基　　金：海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目（201205003）;国际海底区域开发“十三五”课题（DY135-R2-1-03）

摘　　要：基于渤海404个站位的沉积物重金属元素含量与分布特征,通过潜在生态风险、地累积指数等指标定量评价了沉积物中重金属的环境质量,利用富集因子和主成分分析法,对影响渤海表层沉积物中重金属元素分布特征的影响因素进行了分析。研究结果显示,渤海湾重金属元素平均含量最高,渤海海峡最低;渤海Cd具有强潜在生态风险,Hg具有中等?强潜在生态风险,总潜在生态风险程度为中等;Cr和Ni的少量站位超过毒性阈值上限,其余重金属污染物含量均低于毒性阈值下限,表明渤海发生沉积物重金属的毒性污染的概率很低。沉积物中粒度效应控制的重金属元素含量对渤海表层沉积物中的重金属元素的分布具有主要影响,人类活动所造成的污染主要是Cd,主要分布于辽东湾的锦州湾和复州湾,其次通过河流进入海洋的Hg对黄河三角洲及莱州湾有重要影响,亟需引起注意。Based on the concentrations and spatial distributions of heavy metals in 404 surface sediments from the Bohai Sea,we evaluated the marine sediment environmental quality indexes,such as heavy metal potential ecological risk,geoaccumulation index.Moreover,the factors that impact on the concentrations of heavy metals in surface sediments were also analyzed.The results showed that the mean concentrations of all eight heavy metals were highest in the Bohai Bay,and were lowest in the Bohai Strait.The potential ecological risks of Cd and Hg elements were high and moderate-high,respectively.The assessment of total potential ecological risk revealed Bohai Sea belongs to moderate potential ecological risk.Only few stations of Cr and Ni exceed the upper limit of toxic threshold,and the others are less than the lower limit of toxic threshold.This implies the occurrence probability of toxic pollution is low.The concentrations and spatial distributions of heavy metals were mainly dominated by grain size effect of surface sediments from the Bohai Sea.However,Cd element which was rich in the Jinzhou Bay and Fuzhou Bay of Liaodong Bay was mainly contributed by human activities.Hg element,supplied by Yellow River possible impacted by human activities,was rich in the Yellow River Delta and Laizhou Bay.

关 键 词：渤海 表层沉积物 重金属 环境质量评价 影响因素 

分 类 号：P736.4[天文地球—海洋地质] P595[天文地球—海洋科学]