阿吉纽西审判与雅典民主政治  

The Arginusae Trial and Athenian Democratic Politics

作　　者：晏绍祥[1] Yan Shaoxiang

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学历史学院

出　　处：《历史研究》2019年第5期96-115,191,共21页Historical Research

摘　　要：阿吉纽西审判历来被视为民主可能破坏法治的经典案例。但透过对色诺芬和狄奥多鲁斯等记载的深入分析发现,将军们在救援落海水手过程中,存在处置不当、救援不力的过失,导致雅典因非战斗原因大量减员,激起了雅典人的不满。在审判过程中,受命负责救援行动的泰拉麦奈斯及其支持者卡利克塞努斯等人利用雅典人的愤怒,在议事会提出非法议案,又利用公民大会出席者成分的变化,两次击败了公民大会从法治途径解决问题的努力,致使六名将军被处死。这场审判与其说体现了民主与法治之间的紧张,不如说是希腊城邦固有弱点,使得精英阶级利用政治经验和势力以及民主政治的宽容,突破了雅典城邦的法治壁垒。阿吉纽西审判的发生,是长期战争对城邦制度的压力、将军们的失误以及精英阶级操纵等多重因素共同导致的结果。The Arginusae trial has always been seen as a classic case of the way democracy can undermine the rule of law. However, in-depth analysis of the records of Xenophon, Diodorus and others show that during the attempted rescue of the sailors, the generals erred by mismanaging the task and putting insufficient effort into it. This resulted in a serious non-combat reduction in Athenian fighting power and angered the Athenians. During the trial, Theramenes, who had been in charge of the rescue operation, his supporter Callixeinus, and others, used the anger of the Athenians to put forward illegal votes at the Council. He also used changes in the composition of members of the Ecclesia to twice defeat its efforts to solve the issues according to the rule of law;the result was the execution of six generals. The trial reflects the inherent weakness of the Greek city-state rather than the tension between democracy and the rule of law. It made the elite class use its political experience and power and the tolerance of democratic politics to break down the rule of law barriers of the Athenian city-state. The Arginusae trial occurred as a result of multiple factors: the long-term pressures of war on the city-state system, the errors of the generals, and elite manipulation.

关 键 词：雅典 伯罗奔尼撒战争 阿吉纽西审判 泰拉麦奈斯 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]