郑州地区西周前古聚落分布特征与河湖变迁的关系  

Relationship between Distribution Features of Ancient Settlements and Changes of River and Lake Prior to Western Zhou Dynasty in Zhengzhou Area

作　　者：李双权[1] 马玉凤[1] 郭仰山[1] 杜军[1] 王德甫[2] LI Shuangquan;MA Yufeng;GUO Yangshan;DU Jun;WANG Defu(Institute of Geographical Sciences,Henan Academy of Sciences,Zhengzhou 450052,China;Information Centre,Yellow River Conservancy Commission,Zhengzhou 450004,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省科学院地理研究所,郑州450052 [2]黄河水利委员会信息中心,郑州450004

出　　处：《地域研究与开发》2019年第6期171-176,共6页Areal Research and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41501013,41201013);河南省科学院基础科研项目(190601006)

摘　　要：在野外调查的基础上对郑州地区现代的地貌类型进行划分,以现代地貌数据作为聚落分布的基础平台,结合已有的调研成果,从不同时代遗址分布的地貌特征与生存环境需求、聚落分布变化与河湖地貌变迁的关系等方面,对郑州地区西周前古聚落的生境选择与自然环境变迁进行剖析。结果表明:水源是先民生存繁衍的基础,但水环境的优劣在郑州文化迁徙中是一种辩证的关系。在郑州地区先民们聚落的选址位置与湖泊消亡变迁也十分微妙。全新世以来,裴李岗的聚落只能选址在老湖积高地上。到了仰韶时代,聚落开始向湖沼边岸地带扩散。从龙山时期到商代,随着西部湖泊的萎缩消亡而向东发育,人类逐渐向低处转移,直至占据湖积平原。聚落的分布密度和范围逐渐从郑州西部扩迁到东部,尤以商代的遗址分布特征最为明显。Combined with the existing research achievements,this paper classifies the modern geomorphological types on the basis of field investigation.This study analyzes the relationship between habitat selection of ancient settlements in Zhengzhou area before the Western Zhou Dynasty and the changes of natural environment on the basic platform of modern geomorphology data,with the geomorphic features of different age site distribution and survival environment requirements,and the variation of spatial distribution of settlements in landscape areas along with the changes of river-lake landscape.The research find that water supply is the basis of the ancestors’survival and reproduction,and the quality of water environment has a kind of dialectical relations to the culture movement.The relationship between our ancestors’settlement selection and the changes and disappearance of lakes is very subtle in Zhengzhou region.The Peiligang settlements have only distributed on the old lake high ground since the Holocene period.Sites have begun to spread close to lakes and swamps zone since the Yangshao era.From the Longshan period to Shang Dynasty,with the contraction and vanishing of the western lakes and eastward development,human gradually migrated to lower place.The distribution scope of the settlements gradually expanded from the west of Zhengzhou to the east until occupying lacustrine plain,and the distribution characteristic of Shang dynasty ruins was most obvious.

关 键 词：古聚落 分布特征 河湖变迁 郑州地区 

分 类 号：K903[历史地理—人文地理学]