危险化学品罐车泄漏事故伤害后果研究  

Research on Damage Consequences of Dangerous Chemical Tanker Leakage Accidents

作　　者：张贝 徐克 赵云胜[1] 梁天瑞 宋思雨 ZHANG Bei;XU Ke;ZHAO Yunsheng;LIANG Tianrui;SONG Siyu(School of Engineering,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China;Planning and Technology Department,Hubei Provincial Safety Production SupervisionAdministration,Wuhan 430061,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)工程学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]湖北省安全生产监督管理局规划科技处,湖北武汉430061

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2019年第6期128-136,共9页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家安全监管总局2017年安全生产重特大事故防治关键技术科技项目(hubei-0002-2017AQ)

摘　　要：以装载介质为液化石油气、煤油、甲胺、乙醛、丙酮5种具有燃烧危害与毒性伤害的危险化学品运输罐车为研究对象,运用Thomas池火灾标准经验公式,计算了无风工况下油品罐车发生池火灾时距离与入射热辐射强度的对应关系,以及不同载重的油品罐车发生池火灾时热辐射伤害的死亡半径、重伤半径和轻伤半径,并通过ALOHA风险建模程序,模拟了不同风况下分别装载甲胺、乙醛和丙酮3种危险介质的运输罐车泄漏发生火灾与中毒事故时,火灾热辐射、蒸气可燃、毒气扩散3种事故后果对泄漏源邻近区域的伤害影响范围。结果表明:模拟工况完全相同时,液化石油气罐车泄漏发生池火灾的危害后果大于煤油罐车;相同泄漏场景下,甲胺的火灾热辐射危害、蒸气可燃危害和毒气扩散危害的影响区域均大于乙醛和丙酮。Taking the dangerous chemicals tanker truck loaded with liquefied petroleum gas,kerosene,methylamine,acetaldehyde and acetone as the research object,this paper applies the Thomas pool fire experience formula to calculating the corresponding relationship between the distance of tank fire and the incident heat radiation intensity under windless condition,and the death radius,serious injury radius and minor injury radius of tank fire with different load.The paper applies ALOHA risk modeling program to simulating the impact range of three harmful consequences of combustion heat radiation,vapor flammability and toxic gas diffusion on the adjacent area of the leakage source when fire and poisoning accidents occur with the tank truck loaded with methylamine,acetaldehyde and acetone respectively under different wind conditions.The results show that when the simulation conditions are exactly the same,the pool fire hazard area of the LPG tanker is greater than that of the kerosene tanker;in the same leakage scenario,the area affected by thermal radiation damage,vapor flammability and toxic damage of methylamine is greater than that of acetaldehyde and acetone.

关 键 词：危险化学品罐车 泄漏事故 伤害后果 热辐射 可燃蒸气 毒性范围 

分 类 号：X913[环境科学与工程—安全科学]