施氮量对山西2个马铃薯品种产量和收益的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization Application on Yield and Economic Return of Two Potato Cultivars in Shanxi Province

作　　者：李林燕 王宏庭 赵萍萍 白小东[3] 范向斌[3] 杜培兵[3] 于志勇 杨梦棣 LI Linyan;WANG Hongting;ZHAO Pingping;BAI Xiaodong;FAN Xiangbin;DU Peibing;YU Zhiyong;YANG Mengdi(College of Biological Engineering,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China;Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taiyuan 030031,China;Institute of the Crops in High Latitude&Cold Climate Area,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Datong 037000,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学生物工程学院,山西太原030006 [2]山西省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所,山西太原030031 [3]山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所,山西大同037000

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2019年第12期2139-2144,共6页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2016YFD0200101)

摘　　要：从生产和环境2个方面看,马铃薯的氮素管理均具有重要意义。试验采用裂区设计(主区为马铃薯品种,副区为氮肥不同用量),于2017-2018年连续2 a在山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所的毛皂基地定位研究了施氮量对2个马铃薯新品种(同薯29号、大同里外黄)的总干物质量、块茎产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明,无论从单季(2017年)效应还是2 a(2017-2018年)累积效应看,氮肥施用均可显著提高马铃薯的总干物质量、块茎产量和经济效益,而且马铃薯的总干物质量、块茎产量及经济效益和施氮量的关系均可用直线加平台模型拟合,从而求得2个马铃薯品种的最佳经济施氮量为:同薯29号180~191 kg/hm^2,大同里外黄201~233 kg/hm^2;就2个品种对氮肥的效应大小而言,同薯29号的产量和收益均高于大同里外黄,表明在该试验条件下同薯29号对氮较为敏感。研究结果可为2个新品种(同薯29号、大同里外黄)的氮素营养管理提供理论依据。Nitrogen management for potato crop is important from both production and environmental standpoints.A field trial with fixed plot was conducted to examine the effect of N fertilization on the performance of two commercial potato cultivars(Tongshu 29 and Datongliwaihuang)at Maozao base of Institute of the Crops in High Latitude&Cold Climate Area,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2017 and 2018.The experimental design was a split-plot arrangement with two cultivars as main plots and six N fertilizer rates as sub-plots with three replications.The results showed that in 2017 as well as accumulations from 2017 to 2018 all showed nitrogen fertilizer application significantly increased dry matter production,tuber yield and economic return for two potato cultivars,and the relationship between dry matter production or tuber yield or economic return and N rate were all fit linear plateau model.The optimum N rate obtained were 180-191 kg/hm^2 for Tongshu 29 and 201-233 kg/hm^2 for Datongliwaihuang,respectively.The resutls also indicated that there was difference between two potato cultivars,and the response of the tuber yield and economic return from Tongshu 29 was higher than that from Datongliwaihuang.This provides implication that Tongshu 29 is more sensitive than Datongliwaihuang to nitrogen fertilizer application,and potato tuber yield and economic return vary greatly with cultivar.The results of this study will provide theoretial guidance for nitrogen management on the cultivar of Tongshu 29 and Datongliwaihuang.

关 键 词：马铃薯品种 施氮量 块茎产量 经济效益 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]