螟黄赤眼蜂在梨园的保护释放技术分析  

Analysis of the Technology of Protective Releasing Trichogramma chilonis in Pear Orchard

作　　者：张烨[1] 朱文雅[1] 李唐[1] ZHANG Ye;ZHU Wenya;LI Tang(Institute of Plant Protection,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture,Taiyuan 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院植物保护研究所农业有害生物综合治理山西省重点实验室

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2019年第12期2189-2194,共6页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0201000);山西省青年科技研究基金项目(201801D221317);山西省农业科学院农业科技创新研究课题(YCX2018303,YCX2017D2305);山西省农业科学院农业产业发展科技引领工程项目(2018CYYL-16)

摘　　要：螟黄赤眼蜂是一种重要的天敌昆虫。为找到一种简便高效的赤眼蜂释放方法以及为赤眼蜂的科学合理化利用提供技术支持和理论支撑,研究采用单因素方差分析的多重比较检验、秩和检验和卡方检验,分别对套袋和无袋梨园的螟黄赤眼蜂经常规释放和保护释放后蜂卡的出蜂、释放后蜂种的存活及其对梨小食心虫的寄生情况进行了比较研究。结果表明,在无袋和套袋梨园,蜂卡经常规释放和保护释放后的出蜂率无显著性差异,均处于85%以上,但保护释放时,出蜂率值间的离散程度较低;常规释放和保护释放后米蛾卵卡上的寄生卵数在套袋和无袋梨园所表现出的差异性一致,且保护释放后米蛾卵卡上的寄生卵数多高于常规释放,此外,释放后梨园内已寄生米蛾卵卡的出蜂率与释放蜂卡之间无显著性差异;梨园放蜂区梨小食心虫的寄生率均显著高于未放蜂区梨小食心虫的寄生率,且保护释放区要优于常规释放区。表明相较于常规释放,以纸杯放蜂器为载体的保护释放对于维持各放蜂点出蜂的稳定性具有积极作用,同时,保护释放还能够提升羽化后成蜂的存活概率及其对梨小食心虫的寄生率。此外,灭活米蛾卵在田间也可作为赤眼蜂的优良中间寄主,为其提供临时的食源和寄生场所。Egg parasitoids Trichogramma chilonis is an important natural enemy.This study aimed to find an effective method of releasing trichogramma,and provide scientific application of trichogramma with theory and technical support.Emergence rates,survival numbers and parasitic rates under regular release and protective release were analyzed by using One-way ANOVA,rank sum test and chi-square test,respectively.The result showed that there was no significant difference in emergence rates between groups of regular release and protective release,and emergence rates were all greater than 85%.But emergence rates under protective release had the higher dispersion degree.The number of eggs parasitized under protective release was mostly higher than that under regular release in pear orchard bagged or unbagged.Moreover,there was no significant difference in emergence rate between eggs parasitized indoors and that in the field.Parasitic rate of Grapholitha molesta eggs in released districts was higher than that in unreleased districts.Besides,parasitic rate of Grapholitha molesta eggs under protective release was also higher than that under regular release.The result indicates that compared with regular release,protective release with the carrier of disposable cup contributed to the stability of adult emergence.Meanwhile,protective release can also increase the survival rate of Trichogramma chilonis adults and parasitic rate of Grapholitha molesta eggs.Furthermore,inactive Corcyra cephalonica eggs can act as temporary food source and parasitic sites of Trichogramma chilonis in the fields.

关 键 词：螟黄赤眼蜂 梨小食心虫 常规释放 保护释放 

分 类 号：S476.3[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]