烘茧技术及设备发展与展望  

Development and outlook of drying cocoon technique and equipment

作　　者：程明[1] 陈祥平[1] 卜献鸿 唐仕成 段春稳 CHENG Ming;CHEN Xiangping;BU Xianhong;TANG Shicheng;DUAN Chunwen(Sichuan Academy of Silk Sciences,Chengdu 610031,China;Sichuan Provincial Silk Engineering Research Center,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省丝绸科学研究院,成都610031 [2]四川省丝绸工程技术研究中心,成都610031

出　　处：《丝绸》2019年第12期42-49,共8页Journal of Silk

摘　　要：鲜茧处理是缫丝业的基础环节,秦代以前由于没有掌握蚕茧保存技术而采取鲜茧缫丝。秦代以后,蚕茧贮藏技术经历了阴滩与日晒法、盐浥法、笼蒸法,从明清开始使用火焙法。近代采用茧灶干燥鲜茧,20世纪初日本发明了烘茧机。中国于1976年自主研制出自动循环热风烘茧机,经过不断改进和完善,逐步成为蚕茧干燥的主导设备。文章回顾了中国古代鲜茧贮藏技艺,介绍了日本和中国烘茧技术及设备发展,着重分析了茧灶及烘茧机的性能、工艺要求和对茧质的影响,提出通过"真空+"的方式和现代控制技术的应用,进一步提高烘茧质量。Treatment of fresh cocoon is a basic step of silk reeling. Reeling was done on fresh cocoon directly before Qin dynasty, because there was no technology to store cocoons that time. After Qin dynasty, different technologies were used to store cocoons including drying in the shade, sunshine radiation, salting and cage steaming. Baking by fire was brought into use in Ming and Qing dynasties. Cocoon drying chamber is used to dry fresh cocoon in modern times. The cocoon drying machine was invented in Japan in the early 20th century. The cocoon drying machine with automatic cycle of hot wind was developed in China in 1976, and gradually became the leading equipment in drying cocoon after continuous improvement. This paper reviews the techniques of storing fresh cocoons in ancient China, introduces the development of cocoon drying techniques and equipment in Japan and China, focuses on analyzing the performance of cocoon drying chamber and cocoon drying machine, technological requirements and impacts on cocoon quality, and proposes to furtherly improve the quality of drying cocoon by applying vacuum and modern control technology.

关 键 词：鲜茧贮藏 烘茧 工艺 设备 发展 展望 

分 类 号：TS142.1[轻工技术与工程—纺织材料与纺织品设计]