基于多种方法调查的泥石流特征及动力学研究——以延庆车道沟为例  

Debris flow characteristics and dynamic study based on various survey methods:taking Chedaogou of Yanqing as an example

作　　者：王诜 孙永彬[1] 高丽辉 王瑞军[1] 汪冰[1] 董双发[1] 张恩[1] 张春雷[1] 李存金[1] WANG Shen;SUN Yongbin;GAO Lihui;WANG Ruijun;WANG Bing;DONG Shuangfa;ZHANG En;ZHANG Chunlei;LI Cunjin(Nuclear Industry Aerial Survey and Remote Sensing Center,Shijiazhuang 050002,Hebei,China;Shandong Power Construction First Engineering Co.Ltd.,Power Construction Corporation of China,Shijiazhuang 050000,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]核工业航测遥感中心,河北石家庄050002 [2]中国电建集团山东电力建设第一工程有限公司,河北,石家庄050000

出　　处：《矿产与地质》2019年第4期743-752,共10页Mineral Resources and Geology

摘　　要：2000年以来北京市发生了多次严重的泥石流灾害。为了进一步调查泥石流沟单沟发育特征和分析其动力学成因,以延庆区千家店镇车道沟泥石流沟为研究对象,系统分析泥石流沟的基本特征、形成条件及动力学演化过程,旨在为该区单沟泥石流灾害防治提供基础依据。采用无人机航摄、地表调查、地球物理勘探、室内实验等多种调查方法,结合降雨资料,研究分析泥石流沟谷形态特征、松散堆积物发育特征、结构和粒径组成特征,进而综合分析沿程断面流速、流量及冲积力变化,为泥石流沟单沟防治提供理论依据。研究结果显示:(1)流域面积为1.78 km^2,流域内主沟形成区及各沟坡度较陡,为雨水的汇集提供了条件;(2)流域内存在一定量的松散堆积物,厚度为0.2~5m,沟道局部凹槽处厚度可达16m,其物源类型主要为沟道堆积物、坡面堆积物、崩塌堆积物,松散堆积物静储量为19.87 m^3/km^2,动储量为5.15 m^3/km^2,为泥石流的形成提供了物源基础;(3)车道沟泥石流重度为1.75 t/m^3,固体颗粒以碎石为主,黏粒成分低,综合判定为高密度低黏度泥石流沟,经模拟计算泥石流的流量、流速及冲积力具有相似的变化趋势,总体经历“两起两落”的过程。综合分析认为该泥石流沟存在发生泥石流隐患。Many serious debris flow disasters have occurred in Beijing since 2000.In order to further investigate that development feature of single channel of debris flow gully and analyze the cause of its dynamics,the debris flow gully in Qianjiadian Town of Yanqing District is used as the research object,and the basic characteristics,formation condition and dynamic evolution of the debris flow gully are analyzed systematically.The aim of this paper is to provide the basis for the prevention of the debris flow disaster in the area.Based on various investigation methods such as aerial photography of unmanned plane,surface survey,geophysical exploration,indoor experiment and so on,the morphology characteristics of the debris flow valley,the development feature of the loose accumulation materials,the texture and the particle size composition of the debris flow is analyzed,and then the variation of flow rate and velocity of the along section and impact force are comprehensively analyzed in order to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of the debris flow.The results show as follows.(1)The drainage area is 1.78 km^2,the formation area of the main gully and the slope of each channel is steeper,which provides the condition to collect the rainwater.(2)There is a certain amount of loose accumulation materials in the drainage area with a thickness of 0.2~5m,and the thickness of the local groove of the channel can be up to 16m.The material source type is mainly channel accumulation,slope accumulation,collapsing accumulation,the static reserve of loose accumulation materials are 19.87 m^3/km^2,the dynamic reserve is 5.15 m^3/km^2,and the source foundation is provided for the formation of debris flow.(3)The density of debris flow in Chedaogou is 1.75 t/m^3,and the solid particles are mainly crushed stone with low clay composition.It is comprehensively determined that it is a debris flow gully of high density and low viscosity.On the basis of numerical computation of the similar variation trend of the flow rate a

关 键 词：泥石流 多种调查方法 流量流速 动力学分析 延庆 

分 类 号：P642.23[天文地球—工程地质学]