低轨Walker星座构型演化及维持策略分析  

Analysis of Configuration and Maintenance Strategy of LEO Walker Constellation

作　　者：陈雨 赵灵峰[1] 刘会杰[1] 李立 刘洁[1] CHEN Yu;ZHAO Ling-feng;LIU Hui-jie;LI Li;LIU Jie(Shanghai Engineering Center for Microsatellites,Shanghai 201210,China)

机构地区：[1]上海微小卫星工程中心

出　　处：《宇航学报》2019年第11期1296-1303,共8页Journal of Astronautics

摘　　要：针对低轨(LEO)Walker星座构型维持问题,分析在地球非球形引力和大气阻力摄动下卫星的运动规律及星座构型演化特性。结果表明,低轨Walker星座构型发散主要体现在由初始轨道参数不一致引起的轨道高度衰减和相位漂移,国内首例低轨Walker星座实测轨道数据验证了理论分析的正确性。结合星座任务特性与构型发散特点,提出了基于基准卫星的相对相位维持策略,选取一颗卫星作为基准卫星,使星座中其它所有卫星相对于基准卫星的相位漂移量累加值最小,通过对目标卫星实施一次相对基准卫星的轨道高度抬升/降低,维持星间的相对位置关系。实际工程应用表明了此策略的有效性,不仅降低星座构型维持的复杂度及频次,节约燃料,且轨控时间短,为我国今后卫星星座的构型维持提供参考。Aiming at the orbital maintenance of the Walker constellation configuration in low Earth orbit(LEO),the perturbation motions and evolution of the constellation configuration caused by the Earth’s none spherical gravity and atmospheric drag perturbation are analyzed,the divergence of the constellation configuration is mainly reflected in the orbit altitude attenuation and phase drift caused by the inconsistency of the initial orbit parameters,and the result is asserted with the real orbital data of the first LEO constellation in China.According to the characteristics of the constellation,a relative phase maintenance strategy based on the reference satellite is proposed.Selecting one reference satellite to make the cumulative phase drift of all other satellites in the constellation relative to the reference satellite is minimized,the orbit altitude is raised/decreased relative to the reference satellite orbital altitude to maintain the relative positional relationship between the satellites.The practical application shows the effectiveness of this strategy,which reduces the complexity of the constellation configuration maintenance,saves fuel and shortens the time of orbit control,and provides a reference for the future constellation configuration maintenance in China.

关 键 词：低轨Walker星座 构型演化 在轨数据 维持策略 轨道仿真 

分 类 号：V412.41[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]