同源四倍体水稻的诱导研究  

Studies on the Induction of Autorertaploid Rice

作　　者：杨祥波 刘湘竹 曾宪伟 方永胜 孙永胜 YANG Xiang-bo;LIU Xiang-zhu;ZENG Xian-wei;FANG Yong-sheng;SUN Yong-sheng(College of Agriculture,Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University,Jilin Jilin 132101,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业科技学院农学院

出　　处：《北方水稻》2019年第6期27-29,共3页North Rice

基　　金：吉林省教育厅“十三五”科学技术项目(JJKH20180729KJ);国家科技支撑计划项目(2018YFD0300207)

摘　　要：植物界中进化重要途径之一就是植物多倍化。实验利用0.04%秋水仙素溶液处理粳稻高世代品系YB16(2)种芽,获得染色体组疑似加倍的水稻同源四倍体植株YB16(4),通过对YB16(2)和YB16(4)的主要农艺性状进行比较分析,发现YB16(4)的分蘖增多,剑叶长度、宽度显著增加,剑叶上举,谷粒长度显著增加,有短芒等性状,上述性状出现对提高水稻产量构成因素有一定的积极意义,也印证了水稻多倍化有可能是突破水稻育种瓶颈的观点。同时,YB16(4)还表现出株高变高、实粒数显著降低、空粒数显著升高、结实率显著降低、熟期延长等不利于育种目标的特性,这些不利因素为多倍体水稻未来育种工作的进一步深入开展提出了新的问题。One of the important ways of evolution in the plant kingdom is plant multiplication.In this experiment,0.04%colchicine solution was used to treat the high-generation line YB16(2)buds of japonica rice,and the rice homologous tetraploid plant YB16(4)was obtained,which passed the pair of YB16(2)and YB16(4).The main agronomic traits were compared and analyzed.It was found that the tillering of YB16(4)increased,the length and width of flag leaf increased significantly,the flag leaf lifted,the grain length increased significantly,and there were short awns and other traits.The factors have certain positive significance,which also confirms that rice multiplication may be the breakthrough bottleneck in rice breeding.At the same time,YB16(4)also showed high plant height,high number of solid grains,significant increase in the number of empty grains,significantly reduced seed setting rate,prolonged maturity and other characteristics that are not conducive to breeding objectives.These unfavorable factors are polyploids.The further development of rice future breeding work raises new questions.

关 键 词：水稻 四倍体 诱导 多倍化 

分 类 号：S511.035.2[农业科学—作物学]