青少年及成人用百白破疫苗在百日咳疾病预防中的应用  

Application of Tdap in prevention from pertussis

作　　者：唐旻瑶 胡业勤 TANG Min-yao;Hu Ye-qing(National Institute of Engineering Technology Research in Combination Vaccines,Wuhan Institute of Biologycal Products Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430207,Hubei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉生物制品研究所有限责任公司国家联合疫苗工程技术研究中心

出　　处：《微生物学免疫学进展》2019年第6期66-69,共4页Progress In Microbiology and Immunology

基　　金：“重大新药创制”科技重大专项(2018ZX09738003)

摘　　要：百白破疫苗在婴幼儿中长期广泛地应用改变了百日咳疾病的流行模式,即完成免疫程序的婴幼儿可获得免疫保护,由于没有相应的免疫措施致使青少年和成人的免疫保护力迅速衰减。然而这部分人群的感染,导致其成为婴幼儿感染的主要传染源。另外,尽管百日咳抗体能有效地通过母体胎盘传递给胎儿,但由于母体抗体水平过低且婴儿血清抗体迅速下降,使得新生儿得不到足够的保护。目前,对青少年进行加强免疫及在孕期接种青少年及成人用百白破疫苗(即常规剂量的破伤风和减量的白喉和百日咳抗原配制的百白破疫苗)是最具成本效益的方法。现就青少年及成人用百白破疫苗在不同临床试验中的安全性、有效性及推荐孕妇接种时间作一概述。The DTP(diphtheria,tetanus,pertussis)vaccine is used for infants and young children for a long time,which changed the epidemic models of pertussis diseases.Infants and children who complete the immunization program could obtain immune protection,on the other hand,the immune protection of adolescents and adults decreased rapidly,due to lack of related immune measures.The infection of adolescents and adults is main cause that leads to the infection of infants and young children.Although pertussis antibodies can effectively pass through the placenta,maternal antibody levels and infant serum antibodies are too low to protect newborns efficiently.Hence it is the most cost-effective to vaccinate Tdap[Tetanus,diphtheria,pertussis(acellular,component)vaccine]during adolescent and pregnancy.This review focused on the safety and immunogenicity of Tdap vaccine in clinical trials,and on what is the appropriate immunization opportunity window for pregnant women.

关 键 词：百日咳 青少年及成人用百白破疫苗 母体免疫 母传抗体 

分 类 号：R392[医药卫生—免疫学] Q93[医药卫生—基础医学]