中间球海胆与马粪海胆杂交后代幼胆期耐热性研究  

Thermal resistance of juvenile sea urchin hybrids Strongylocentrotus intermedius and Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus

作　　者：韩奋杰 张伟杰[1] 王中[1] 江会杰 陈小慧[1] 刘明泰[1] 常亚青[1] HAN Fen-jie;ZHANG Wei-jie;WANG Zhong;JIANG Hui-jie;CHEN Xiao-hui;LIU Ming-tai;CHAGN Ya-qing(Key Laboratory of Mariculture&Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学农业农村部北方海水增养殖重点实验室

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2019年第6期811-816,共6页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：农业农村部农业科研杰出人才及创新团队项目;国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0901601)

摘　　要：为探明中间球海胆Strongylocentrotus intermedius(Si)和马粪海胆Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus(Hp)杂交后代(Si♀×Hp♂和Hp♀×Si♂)的耐热性能,分别对两亲本及其正反交后代的幼海胆进行了快速升温试验,通过观察生存状态并测量生存时间,比较了两亲本及其正反交后代幼胆期的耐热指数(Upper thermal tolerance,UTT)差异,并计算了两种杂交海胆生长早期在耐热指数上的杂种优势。结果表明:在快速升温条件下,4种海胆开始死亡时的温度由高到低依次为Hp(31.5℃)、Hp♀×Si♂(30℃)、Si♀×Hp♂(29.5℃)和Si(28℃),杂交后代Hp♀×Si♂和Si♀×Hp♂分别较中间球海胆高2、1.5℃,分别较马粪海胆低1.5、2℃;生存分析表明,总体生存时间分布由长至短依次为Hp、Hp♀×Si♂、Si♀×Hp♂和Si,4种海胆生存时间两两间均存在极显著性差异(P<0.01);4种海胆的耐热指数由高到低依次为Hp(6864.44℃·h)、Hp♀×Si♂(4955.42℃·h)、Si♀×Hp♂(4136.46℃·h)和Si(1167.42℃·h),不同种类的耐热指数相互之间均存在显著性差异(P<0.05);杂交后代Hp♀×Si♂和Si♀×Hp♂在耐热指数上分别表现出23.39%和3.00%的中亲杂种优势;两种杂交后代虽然相较于马粪海胆分别表现出-39.74%^-27.81%的单亲杂种劣势,但相较于中间球海胆均表现出254.23%~324.37%的单亲杂种优势。研究表明,中间球海胆与马粪海胆正反交后代均可作为培育耐高温海胆新品种的候选种类。Juvenile sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius(Si)with body weight of(0.88±0.39)g,Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus(Hp)with body weight of(2.26±0.60)g,and hybrids Si♀×Hp♂with body weight of(0.49±0.18)g,and Si♂×Hp♀with body weight of(1.37±0.37)g were reared in a circulating water system at water temperature of 20℃ for 1 week and then at water temperature from 20℃ to 24℃ at warming rate of 2℃/d,at water temperature from 24℃ to 28℃ at warming rate of 1℃/d,and finally at water temperature from 28℃ to 32.5℃ at warming rate of 0.5℃/d to investigate the thermal tolerance of reciprocal cross hybrids and their parents by comparing survival and upper thermal tolerance(UTT).The results showed that the descending order of the temperatures at death of the four sea urchin juveniles were expressed as Hp(31.5℃),Hp♀×Si♂(30.0℃),Si♀×Hp♂(29.5℃)and Si(28℃)in the acute heating,2℃and 1.5℃higher in the two hybrid offsprings than that in Si,and 1.5℃and 2℃lower than that in Hp.Survival analysis revealed that order of the overall survival period of the four sea urchin juveniles was described from longevity to short life as Hp>Hp♀×Si♂>Si♀×Hp♂>Si,with very significant differences among the sea urchin(P<0.01).The descending order of the UTT of the four sea urchin juveniles were expressed as Hp(6864.44℃·h),Hp♀×Si♂(4955.42℃·h),Si♀×Hp♂(4136.46℃·h)and Si(1167.42℃·h),with significant differences among the sea urchin(P<0.05),indicating that the two hybrids showed mid-parent heterosis(23.39%in Hp♀×Si♂,and 3%in Si♀×Hp♂).The two hybrids showed 254.23%-324.37%single parent heterosis compared with Si,while they showed-39.74%--27.81%single parent heterosis compared with Hp.The finding indicates that the reciprocal cross progenies between Si and Hp can be used as candidates for breeding for thermal tolerance strains of sea urchin.

关 键 词：中间球海胆 马粪海胆 杂交 耐热性 杂种优势 

分 类 号：S968.9[农业科学—水产养殖]