天山雪岭云杉个体生物量分配及其变化规律的研究  

Individual biomass allocation and its variation of Picea schrenkiana forests

作　　者：罗庆辉 许仲林[1,2] 徐泽源 李路[1,2] 常亚鹏 徐昕亿 宋昕妮 LUO Qing-hui;XU Zhong-lin;XU Ze-yuan;LI Lu;CHANG Ya-peng;XU Xin-yi;SONG Xin-ni(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,Xinjiang,China;Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology,College of Resource and Environmental Science,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学资源与环境科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830046 [2]新疆大学资源与环境科学学院绿洲生态教育部重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2019年第6期1378-1386,共9页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41361098、31500398)

摘　　要：为了探讨天山雪岭云杉林生物量在个体组织中的分配情况及其变化规律,在研究区进行了大量的野外测量,利用已有的雪岭云杉林估算方程,分析了天山雪岭云杉林生物量在各器官(干、枝、叶、皮、根)中的分配及其变化规律。结果表明:(1)研究区雪岭云杉林的平均生物量为388.74 t·hm^-2,树木各器官中,干、枝、根、叶和皮分别占生物量的43.65%、28.60%、13.49%、11.08%和3.18%。(2)各径级生物量所占百分比为:33.53%(40~50 cm)、20.13%(20~30 cm)、19.59%(30~40 cm)、18.19%(50~60 cm)和2.05%(10~20 cm);树木生物量在不同树高中的分配表现为:48.78%(20~30 m)>35.27%(10~20 m)>14.70%(30~40 m)>1.25%(0~10 m);地上和地下生物量的分配比例为:87.54%和12.46%,分别为340.30 t·hm^-2和48.44 t·hm^-2。(3)随海拔升高,天山雪岭云杉林生物量呈"单峰"变化,在海拔2100~2400 m处达到最大值611.58 t·hm^-2;干、皮生物量所占比例随海拔升高而减小,枝生物量逐渐增加,叶、根生物量呈先减小后增加的趋势;径级20~30 cm、30~40 cm和50~60 cm的生物量随海拔升高均呈"单峰型"变化趋势,都在海拔2100~2400 m处达到最大;雪岭云杉林不同树高生物量随海拔的升高呈现的趋势不同。天山雪岭云杉林生物量和年均降水量随经纬度的升高均呈降低变化,研究区林分生物量自西向东总体呈现逐渐降低的趋势;林分密度、海拔和降水共同决定了森林生物量的大小及其变化规律,海拔2100~2400 m是本研究区雪岭云杉林生长的最适宜场所。结果可为雪岭云杉林生态系统的恢复和重建提供基础资料,对研究区进行综合管理与生态健康分析具有重要意义。The Tianshan Mountains are an important source of water in Xinjiang,China.The Picea schrenkiana forest is the dominant species of Xinjiang’s mountain forests.This study takes P.schrenkiana forest as the research object,and discusses the distribution and variation of the biomass of P.schrenkiana forest in various organs(stems,branch,leaves,bark,roots),which will provide data support for the integrated forest management in the study area and be of great significance for the protection,restoration and development of P.schrenkiana forest of the Tianshan Mountains.A total of 78 sampling plots with a radius of 10 m were set up from the elevation of 1 500-2 800 m with P.schrenkiana(Schrenk’s spruce)forest of Tianshan Mountains,and all trees in the plots was measured.According to the established biomass estimation equations of P.schrenkiana forest,this study analyzed the distribution and variation of the biomass of P.schrenkiana forest in the Tianshan Mountains.The results show as follows:(1) The mean value of biomass of P.schrenkiana forest in the study area was 388.74 t·hm^-2,and the stems,branches,roots,leaves and bark accounted for 43.65%,28.60%,13.49%,11.08% and 3.18% of the biomass,respectively.The proportion of stems is the largest,and the proportion of bark is the smallest;the percentage of biomass in each diameter class is:33.53%(40-50 cm),20.13%(20-30 cm),19.59%(30-40 cm),18.19%(50-60 cm) and 2.05%(10-20 cm);the proportion of tree biomass in different tree height scales is forming a descending order list as follows:48.78% for the height range from 20 m to 30 m,35.27% for the height range from 10 m to 20 m, 14.70% for the height range from 30 m to 40 m and 1.25% for the height range from 0 m to 10 m;the distribution percentage of aboveground biomass and belowground biomass is: 87.54%(340.30 t·hm^-2) and 12.46%(48.44 t·hm^-2), respectively.(2) There was a hump-shaped curve by which the biomass of P.schrenkiana forest reached its peak value of 611.58 t·hm^-2 at the elevation of 2 100-2 400 m.The minimum va

关 键 词：雪岭云杉林 个体生物量 分配 器官 环境因子 

分 类 号：S71[农业科学—林学]