英国工业化转型时期的企业家群体与地方治理  

The Entrepreneur Group and Local Governance During British Industrial Transition

作　　者：尹建龙[1] Yin Jianlong

机构地区：[1]安徽大学历史系

出　　处：《史学月刊》2019年第12期88-95,共8页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“企业家群体在英国工业化社会转型中的作用研究”（14CSS009）;安徽省2019年度高校优秀青年人才支持计划重点项目（gxydZD2019001）

摘　　要：18世纪中后期发轫的工业革命使大量工厂和人口集聚在英国中北部的乡村地区,促进了乡村城市化发展,形成了诸如曼彻斯特、伯明翰等新兴工商业中心,企业家群体通过参与并控制当地的教区、庄园和改良委员会等机构管理地方公共事务。1835年后这些工商业中心转型为自治城市,企业家群体通过选举主导各自治城市的市政委员会、出任高级市政官、市长等职务,推动城市基础设施建设,塑造了现代工业城市的面貌,促进了工业资产阶级同贵族地主阶级的利益趋同,为政治转型稳定有序地推进提供了保障。A large portion of manufacturing enterprises and population was attracted to or grew up around the Midland and northern rural areas of Britain during the Industrial Revolution which promoted the urban development in these areas with so many emerging industrial and commercial towns such as Manchester and Birmingham.Those industrial entrepreneurs controlled the right to speak by actively holding posts in local parish,manor and local improvement committees.Most of these industrial and commercial towns became corporate cities according to the Municipal Corporations Act of 1835 and administrated by the elected City Councils,Aldermen,Mayors whose elections were manipulated by local industrial entrepreneurs.The industrial nouveaus’ interests were fused together with those aristocratic landlords by taking a stake in ruling the local government which guaranteed the stable and orderly industrial transition.

关 键 词：英国 工业化转型 企业家群体 地方治理 新兴工业城市 市政改革 

分 类 号：K561.43[历史地理—历史学]