澳洲坚果种质果实产量相关性状的多样性分析  

Diversity analysis of fruit traits related to yield in Macadamia germplasms

作　　者：谭秋锦 王文林 韦媛荣 郑树芳 黄锡云 何铣扬 陈海生 TAN Qiujin;WANG Wenlin;WEI Yuanrong;ZHENG Shufang;HUANG Xiyun;HE Xianyang;CHEN Haisheng(Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute,Longzhou 532415,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西南亚热带农业科学研究所

出　　处：《果树学报》2019年第12期1630-1637,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：广西自然科学基金(2019GXNSFBA185011);广西科技重大专项(桂科AA17204058-4，桂科AA17204058-8，桂科AA17202037-9);广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD17195008，桂科AD18281087);广西公益性项目(GXNYRKS201913)

摘　　要：【目的】探索澳洲坚果种质主要果实产量性状的遗传基础,提供澳洲坚果生产和高产育种借鉴。【方法】以来自世界各地的45份澳洲坚果种质为供试材料,对12个果实品质相关性状进行变异分析、主成分分析及聚类分析。【结果】变异分析表明,12个果实性状的变异系数介于5.61~17.83%,果仁的变异系数最大,为17.83%,果仁横径的变异系数最小,为5.61%。相关分析表明,澳洲坚果各果实性状间存在复杂的相关性,且多个性状影响产量,鲜果质量与壳果质量、果仁质量呈显著正相关。主成分分析将45个澳洲坚果的12个果实性状分为3个主成分,其累计贡献率达79.55%。聚类分析将45份澳洲坚果种质材料分为3大类群,类群Ⅰ:果实较大,近球形;类群Ⅱ:果实均匀,近卵圆形;类群Ⅲ:果实较小,但果实出种率和出仁率高。【结论】澳洲坚果种质资源果实性状具有较为丰富的多样性表现,这将为澳洲坚果果实遗传改良和优质新品种选育提供重要的参考依据。【Objective】The objective of this study was to analyze the phenotypic diversity of the macadamia(Macadamia integrifolia)nuts in order to explore the genetic basis of main fruit traits of macadamia,and to provide reference for macadamia high-yield breeding.【Methods】Forty-five macadamia cultivars around the world were selected and 20 mature fruits of each cultivar were collected for analysis.The fruits of each cultivar were randomly selected from the periphery of the crown of a tree.Twelve quantitative traits of fresh and air-dried nuts of the 45 macadamia germplasm were determined.Two state standards of the quality grade of macadamia and germplasm resources description and data standards were referenced.Clustering analysis and correlation analysis were employed to analyze the phenotypic traits of the nuts of the macadamia germplasms.【Results】The results of variance analysis showed that the coefficient of variation(CV)of the 12 traits related to yield changed from 5.61%to 17.83%,among of which the maximum CV was 17.83%for fruit kernel,whereas the minimum CV was 5.61%for kernel transverse diameter.Correlation analyses indicated that there were complex correlations among the fruit traits,and the yield was affected by multiple traits.The fresh fruit weight was significantly and positively correlated with the shell weight and the kernel weight.Principal component analysis showed that the fruit related traits were summarized into three principal components and the cumulative contribution rate was 79.55%.The first principal factor was mainly related to the green weight and the shell weight;the second was mainly related to the kernel and the third was mainly related to the nuts.In addition,the 45 macadamia germplasms were divided into three groups based on the cluster analysis.The groupⅠwas characterized by large and nearly spherical fruit.The groupⅡwas characterized by ovoid fruit.The groupⅢwas characterized by small fruit with high seed yield.【Conclusion】There were clearly significant differences am

关 键 词：澳洲坚果 果实性状 变异系数 多样性 

分 类 号：S664[农业科学—果树学]