植物生长调节剂对’阳光玫瑰’葡萄果实无核及品质的影响  

Effects of plant growth regulators on the seedless rate and fruit quality of ’Shine Muscat’ grape

作　　者：王莎 程大伟[1] 顾红[1] 李明[1] 何莎莎 李芳菲 谷世超 陈锦永[1] WANG Sha;CHENG Dawei;GU Hong;LI Ming;HE Shasha;LI Fangfei;GU Shichao;CHEN Jinyong(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/The Key Laboratory of Fruit Growth Development and Quality Control,Zhengzhou 450009,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所·果树生长发育与品质控制重点实验室

出　　处：《果树学报》2019年第12期1675-1682,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程协同创新(CAAS-XTCX20190025-4);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(161019209502)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨赤霉酸(gibberellin acid,GA3)、氯吡脲(forchlorfenuron,CPPU)等生长调节剂组合和处理时间对‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄(Vitis labruscana Bailey×V.vinifera L.,‘Shine Muscat’)果实无核及品质的影响,为植物生长调节剂在‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄中的应用提供理论依据和参考。【方法】花前3 d和花后2 d分别对‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄花序(果穗)进行25 mg·L^-1 GA3+200 mg·L^-1链霉素(streptomycin,SM)、2.5 mg·L^-1噻苯隆(thidiazuron,TDZ)+25 mg·L^-1 GA3+200 mg·L^-1 SM和2.5 mg·L^-1 CPPU+25 mg·L^-1 GA3+200 mg·L^-1 SM 3种不同组合的处理,采收后测定无核率及穗质量、粒质量、可溶性固形物含量、总酸含量和耐压力等品质指标,并对指标进行主成分分析,综合评价不同处理。【结果】6种处理对果实影响不同,GA3显著拉长果粒,提高果实耐压力,添加CPPU或TDZ后穗质量、粒质量、穗粒数显著增加。各处理均提高了果实固酸比,除处理A外,各处理的果实无核率均达96%及以上,可满足生产需求。综合评价结果表明,花后2 d 2.5 mg·L^-1 CPPU+25 mg·L^-1 GA3+200 mg·L^-1 SM>花后2 d 2.5 mg·L^-1 TDZ+25 mg·L^-1 GA3+200 mg·L^-1 SM>花前3 d 2.5 mg·L^-1 TDZ+25 mg·L^-1 GA3+200 mg·L^-1 SM>花前3 d 2.5 mg·L^-1 CPPU+25 mg·L^-1 GA3+200 mg·L^-1 SM>CK>花前3 d 25 mg·L^-1 GA3+200 mg·L^-1 SM>花后2 d 25 mg·L^-1 GA3+200 mg·L^-1 SM,花后2 d处理综合效果优于花前3 d,添加CPPU或TDZ效果优于GA3。【结论】花后2 d用2.5 mg·L^-1 CPPU+25 mg·L^-1 GA3+200 mg·L^-1 SM处理最适合‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄。【Objective】Grape is one of the most important economic fruits in the world with wide range of uses.In 2017,China ranked first in the world for production and second for planting area(FAO).The popular cultivar‘Shine Muscat’‘(Akitsu-21’בHakunan’)was releaased in Japan in 2003 and introduced to China in 2009.‘Shine Muscat’has a strong rose fragrance,high sugar and low acidity at maturity,but bears seeded berries and sparse clusters prone to fruit rust.However,treatment with plant growth regulators significantly improves fruit quality.In this study,different plant growth regulator combinations were applied at two developmental stages to examine their impact on overall fruit quality.【Methods】‘Shine Muscat’inflorescences were treated with three regulator combinations,i.e.25 mg·L^^-1 GA3+200 mg·L^^-1 Streptomycin(SM),2.5 mg·L^^-1 TDZ+25 mg·L^^-1 GA3+200 mg·L^^-1 SM,and 2.5 mg·L^^-1 CPPU+25 mg·L^^-1 GA3+200 mg·L^^-1 SM,which were applied at 3 days before flowering(3 DBF)or 2 days after flowering(2 DAF).A control with no regulator treatment was set.Fruit quality traits including cluster weight,number of berries per cluster,berry weight,total soluble solid content,total acid content and berry firmness were measured.SPSS software was used to determine principal components of the indicators so as to comprehensively evaluate the different treatments.【Results】The GA3 treatments showed significant increases in the berry shape index(longer berries),soluble solids,total acids and berry firmness,but the cluster weight was lowered with sparse clusters and reduced berry retention.GA3+SM treatment at 2 DAF increased the cluster weight and berry number compared with the treatment at 3 DBF,but the berry weight had no significant difference from the control.The rate of seedless berries was 80%in the treatment with GA3+SM at 3 DBF,and was 100%when applied at 2 DAF.The treatment with addition of TDZ or CPPU increased the cluster weight significantly.The cluster weight in treatment at 2 DAF was hig

关 键 词：'阳光玫瑰’葡萄 赤霉酸 氯吡脲 噻苯隆 无核率 果实品质 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]