国内外樱桃植原体（Phytoplasma）病害研究进展  

International advances of the research on the phytoplasma diseases in cherry

作　　者：穆雪 赵洋 李春艳 汪卫星[1] MU Xue;ZHAO Yang;LI Chunyan;WANG Weixing(College of Horticulture and Landscape,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学园艺园林学院

出　　处：《果树学报》2019年第12期1754-1762,共9页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：重庆市基础科学与前沿技术研究项目(cstc2017jcyjAX0355);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(XDJK2018B038)

摘　　要：植原体是一类无细胞壁、不能人工培养、存在于植物筛管内的专性寄生菌,世界各地已报道植原体可引起1000余种各类植物系统性病害,涵盖农作物、园艺、花卉、果树和林木等,该病害传播性强、症状明显、危害较大,可不同程度引起植物生长发育异常或变异,甚至造成植株死亡。樱桃植原体病害就是其中一种,近年来该病害已经成为威胁樱桃产业发展最为重要的病害之一,主要引起樱桃花变叶(绿)及花器官、叶片、果实的生长发育异常和变异,并最终导致植株2~5 a(年)内迅速死亡,对我国乃至世界樱桃产业造成了非常重大的损失。随着我国近几年不同地区樱桃植原体病害发生面积、规模及危害程度地不断增加,尤其是笔者研究发现的重庆地区大规模爆发引起了极大威胁,使得有关其致病机制、植株生长发育特性及防治方法的系统研究显得迫在眉捷、尤为重要。针对樱桃植原体病害研究的需求,笔者综述了国内外有关研究进展,主要从植原体的分类、检测与传播以及樱桃植原体病害等多个方面进行阐述,为进一步开展樱桃植原体病害研究与防治等提供重要基础,并对未来的研究前景与应用价值进行了分析。Phytoplasmas,which was originally called mycoplasma,are a class of A prokaryote resembling a bacterium that have no cell walls,the mycelium is only surrounded by a unit membrane composed of adipose membrane,it cannot be cultured,and exist in plant screens.Its morphological structure is easily affected by external environmental conditions,and it is still difficult to conduct in vitro artificial culture.It has been reported that phytoplasma can cause more than 1000 kinds of plant systemic diseases in various parts of the world.The extent of the disease includes crops,horticulture,flowers,fruit trees and forest trees,etc.,the disease is highly transmitted,obvious symptoms,and great harm,the phytoplasma infection can cause plant hormone or growth regulator disorders,which can lead to abnormal growth or variation of plants,and if seriously it can even cause plant death.Our country has announced more than 100 original body related diseases,and this number continues to rise,the current domestic for the naming of the original body has more than 60 kinds of graft,and constantly have new candidate reports and named reported from the plant in the original body has 16S rDNA group members across the world in addition to classify according to symptoms and features on the body,the early name are caused in the diseases of plants with the characteristics of the disease,such as paulownia witches'original body since the late 1980s,has designed many PCR primers combination to amplify the operon part is used for the diagnosis and the system development,due to the availability of general primers,rooted in the history of the original diagnosis and system development has been based on 16S rRNA genes and 16S-23S rRNA spacer to detect plant disease is the most difficult to solve and prevention and control of the original body is difficult to control the spread of the original body,under natural conditions,plant not only can the original body by leafhoppers aphids Insects such as psyllid can be spread and diffused as mediators.In addition,

关 键 词：樱桃 植原体 病害 

分 类 号：S662.5[农业科学—果树学]