自动谈判及其基于模糊集的模型综述  

A Survey of Automated Negotiation and Its Fuzzy Set Based Models

作　　者：罗旭东 黄俏娟 詹捷宇 LUO Xu-dong;HUANG Qiao-juan;ZHAN Jie-yu(College of Computer Science and Information Engineering,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin,Guangxi 541000,China;School of Computer Science,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,China)

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学计算机科学与信息工程学院,广西桂林541000 [2]华南师范大学计算机学院,广州510631

出　　处：《计算机科学》2019年第12期220-230,共11页Computer Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(61762016);广西研究生教育创新计划项目(XYCSZ2019069)资助

摘　　要：谈判是两个或多个利益者为了达成协议进行交流沟通的过程,自动谈判就是用人工智能系统来自动化这一过程。文中首先讨论了自动谈判的研究意义。从国家层面上来看,研究和发展这样的系统是符合国家人工智能发展战略的,不仅能帮助人们在电子商务时代生活得更美好,而且能用计算机系统代替人工谈判来减少腐败现象。然后,勾画了关于谈判的研究在博弈论、管理科学和计算机科学中发展的脉络和趋势。在博弈论领域,是诺贝尔经济学奖获得者Nash开创了对谈判的研究。这类研究最大的问题是假设谈判的各方所有信息一定程度上是公开的,但这是不现实的。所以,管理科学领域的研究者着重研究了在各方所有信息不公开的情形下应该怎样进行人工谈判。一般,人工谈判是低效、困难的,并且常常不能达到最优的结果。于是计算机科学家就尝试用机器来代替人工谈判。早期主要研究计算机对计算机的自动谈判,现在研究的重点正转向计算机对人的自动谈判。最后,综述了将模糊逻辑和模糊约束应用于开发自动谈判智能代理的方法。文中着重说明了这两种模糊方法在自动谈判系统中的使用方法,以及模糊自动谈判系统的实际用途。Negotiation is a process in which two or more interested parties communicate with each other for an agreement,automated negotiation is to use artificial intelligence system to automate this process.This paper first discussed the significance of studying automated negotiation.At the national level,the research and development of such systems is consistent with the national AI development strategy of China.It can not only help people live a better life in the e-commerce era,but also reduce corruption by using computer systems instead of manual negotiation.Secondly,the deve-lopment of negotiation proceeds in game theory,management science and computer science were outlined.The Nobel laureate in economics,Nash,started the study of negotiation in the field of game theory.However,the biggest problem in such study is the assumption that all information of negotiating parties involved is essentially public,which is unrealistic.Therefore,researchers in management science focus on how to conduct manual negotiation when all information of all parties is not disclosed.In general,manual negotiation is inefficient and difficult,and often fails to achieve optimal results.As a result,computer scientists are trying to replace manual negotiate with madnines.At the beginning,they focused on the computer-to-computer automated negotiation.Now their focus is turning to computer-to-human automated negotiation.Finally,methods of using fuzzy logic and fuzzy constraints to develop intelligent agents for automated negotiation were summarised.This paper focused on the application of these two fuzzy methods in the automatic negotiation system and the practical application of fuzzy automatic negotiation system.

关 键 词：自动谈判 人工智能 电子商务 智能代理 模糊逻辑 模糊约束 机器学习 

分 类 号：TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]