北京市房山区532名中小学生营养状况调查  

Investigation of the nutritional status of 532 primary and middle school students in Fangshan district, Beijing

作　　者：刘玉茹[1] 赵霞[1] 黄少平[1] 张萌萌[1] 周彦明[1] LIU Yu-ru;ZHAO Xia;HUANG Shao-ping;ZHANG Meng-meng;ZHOU Yan-ming(Fangshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102400,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市房山区疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《首都公共卫生》2019年第5期259-263,共5页Capital Journal of Public Health

摘　　要：目的 了解北京市房山区中小学生营养状况,为营养干预提供参考。方法 数据来自2015年房山区中小学生营养与健康状况监测和2015年房山区学生常规体检结果。结果 房山区532名中小学生中,超重和肥胖检出率为32. 34%,一年级肥胖检出率最高26. 28%(χ2=12. 196,P<0. 01);血脂异常检出率为20. 30%,肥胖者是正常者的1. 97倍(χ2=17. 83,P<0. 01),肥胖者的TC、TG、LDL-C值均高于其他体重者;高尿酸血症检出率为8. 08%,肥胖者检出率是体重正常者的6. 76倍;血糖异常检出率6. 02%;贫血检出率3. 57%,肥胖者贫血检出率最高7. 69%(χ2=5. 413,P<0. 05);血清维生素D不足和缺乏者检出率14. 88%,随年级增加而升高(χ2=7. 930,P<0. 05);血清维生素A边缘缺乏和缺乏者检出率4. 92%,男生高于女生(χ2=11. 036,P<0. 01)。结论 房山区532名中小学生中肥胖和低年龄学生营养问题突出,应开展肥胖学生的减重干预,营养干预关口前移到学龄前,加强血脂异常、血糖异常和高尿酸血症学生的营养干预,结合年级趋势和性别差异开展差异性营养干预。Objective To understand the nutritional status of primary and middle school students in Fangshan district,Beijing,so as to provide reference for nutrition intervention.Methods The data were collected from the nutrition and health monitoring of primary and secondary school students in Fangshan district in 2015 and the result of routine physical examination of students in Fangshan district in 2015.Results Among 532 primary and middle school students in Fangshan district,the detection rate of overweight and obesity accounted for 32.34%,the detection rate of obesity in the first grade was the highest,26.28%(χ2=12.196,P<0.01);the detection rate of dyslipidemia was 20.30%,dyslipidemia in the obese students was 1.97 times as high as in the normal students(χ2=17.83,P<0.01).TC,TG and LDL-C values of the obese people were higher than those of other body weights;the detection rate of hyperuricemia accounted for 8.08%,the detection rate of hyperuricemia in the obese sudents was 6.76 times of that in the students with normal weight;the detection rate of the abnormality blood glucose was 6.02%;the detection rate of anemia was 3.57%,the highest detection rate of anemia was in the obese students,7.69%(χ2=5.413,P<0.05);the detection rate of serum vitamin D deficiency was 14.88%,which increased with the grade(χ2=7.930,P<0.05);the detection rate of serum vitamin A marginal deficiency and deficiency was 4.92%,the detection rate of male students was higher than that of female students(χ2=11.036,P<0.01).Conclusions The nutritional problems in the low age students and the obesity in 532 middle and primary school students in Fangshan district were prominent.The weight loss intervention should be carried out in the obese.The nutritional intervention should be moved forward to the pre-school age.The nutritional intervention for students with dyslipidemia,abnormal blood glucose and hyperuricemia should be strengthened.Differential nutritional intervention should be carried out according to the grade trends and gender differences.

关 键 词：营养状况 血清学检测 体质指数 中小学生 

分 类 号：R58[医药卫生—内分泌]