基于黏结颗粒模型的特厚坚硬煤层综放开采数值模拟研究  

Numerical simulation of longwall top-coal caving with extra-thick and hard coal seam based on bonded particle model

作　　者：许永祥[1,2] 王国法[1,2] 李明忠[1,2] 何明[1,2] 张金虎[1,2] 周昌台 韩会军[1,2] XU Yongxiang;WANG Guofa;LI Mingzhong;HE Ming;ZHANG Jinhu;ZHOU Changtai;HAN Huijun(Coal Mining and Designing Branch,China Coal Research Institute,Beijing 100013,China;Coal Mining&Designing Department,Tiandi Science&Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100013,China;Institute of Deep Earth Sciences and Green Energy,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,China)

机构地区：[1]煤炭科学研究总院开采研究分院,北京100013 [2]天地科技股份有限公司开采设计事业部,北京100013 [3]深圳大学深地科学与绿色能源研究院,广东深圳518060

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2019年第11期3317-3328,共12页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFC0604505);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51704157);中央国有资本金资助项目(财企[2013]472)

摘　　要：基于榆神矿区特厚坚硬煤层超大采高综放开采技术条件,针对散体颗粒模型在埋深较浅的坚硬煤层综放开采模拟中顶煤冒放情况与实际不相符的问题,对比黏结颗粒模型与无黏结散体颗粒模型力学性质,讨论两种模型适用条件,得出黏结颗粒模型更适合坚硬煤层综放开采模拟。阐述了黏结颗粒模型的建模和模拟过程:岩层内部采用平行黏结颗粒模型以模拟层内整体块体力学特性,层间采用光滑节理模型以模拟结构面力学性质;通过Fish语言和伺服控制原理实现液压支架初撑阶段、增阻阶段和恒阻阶段不同工况的模拟;根据支架顶梁位态采用逆向运动学方法更新支架整体位姿;通过Fish语言实现尾梁的不同幅度摆动。数值模拟结果表明:覆岩可形成下位基本顶不稳定砌体梁结构和上位基本顶稳定砌体梁结构,顶板来压步距介于10~20 m;顶煤破碎度和冒放性具有双周期性(走向周期与周期来压步距一致,表现为来压期间顶煤破碎较充分、冒放性好,优于非来压期间;垂向周期与顶煤层位相关,表现为下位顶煤破碎充分、冒放性好,优于上位顶煤);工作面煤壁整体稳定性较好,来压期间会出现煤壁破坏现象;液压支架总体处于较高的工作阻力状态;不同块度的顶煤冒放过程中可能形成小块度瞬时动态松散拱结构、中等块度不稳定拱结构和大块度稳定拱结构,尾梁成拱可采用"小拱小摆、大拱大摆"对策高效破拱,掩护梁成拱则需移架才可破拱。超大采高综放开采实践表明数值模拟结果与现场情况一致,黏结颗粒模型能较好地模拟埋深较浅的坚硬煤层综放开采顶煤冒放特征和矿压显现规律。本研究可为坚硬煤层顶煤冒放性和顶板覆岩结构数值模拟研究提供力学模型选择依据,为模拟过程实现方法提供借鉴。Based on the mining conditions of longwall top-coal caving with super-large mining height and hard coal seam in Yushen mining area,this paper analyzed the difference between the actual situation of top coal caving and that of numerical simulation using unbonded particle model.By comparing the mechanical properties of bonded particle model and unbonded particle model,and investigating the applicable conditions of the two models,it was concluded that the bonded particle model is more suitable for the simulation of longwall top coal caving in the hard coal seam.This paper illustrated the process of modeling and simulation with bonded particle model.It was pointed out that the calibration of micro-parameters and macro-mechanical properties of particles should be carried out before modeling.The bonded particle model was used in the rock layer,while the smooth joint model was used to simulate the mechanical properties of the structural surface between layers.The simulation of various working conditions of hydraulic roof support,including setting load stage,resistance increasing stage and constant resistance stage,were realized through Fish language and servo control principle.Inverse kinematic was used to renew the pose of the whole hydraulic roof support according to the position of its canopy.Swing of different amplitude of rear canopy was realized through Fish language.The simulation investigation shows that the unstable voussoir beam was formed in the lower part of main roof and the stable voussoir beam was formed in the upper part of main roof,ant the roof weighting distance was about 10-20 m.The fragmentation and cavability of top coal presented double periodicity,which comprises strike periodicity and vertical periodicity.(The strike periodicity is corresponded with periodic caving span,and the top coal can be fully broken during the roof weighting period and the cavability is better than that of the non-weighting period.The vertical periodicity is related to the position of top coal,and the cavability of lower

关 键 词：特厚煤层 坚硬煤层 综放开采 黏结颗粒模型 

分 类 号：TD823[矿业工程—煤矿开采]