快速鉴定瓜类疫病抗性方法的建立及黄瓜种质资源鉴定  

Establishment of a Rapid Identification Method for Resistance to Cucurbit Phytophthora Blight and Identification of Cucumber Germplasms

作　　者：王瑞[1] 林毓娥[1] 杜虎 金庆敏[1] 杨晓珊 吴廷全[1] WANG Rui;LIN Yu’e;DU Hu;JIN Qingmin;YANG Xiaoshan;WU Tingquan(Vegetable Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Gguangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所/广东省蔬菜新技术研究重点实验室

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2019年第10期13-18,共6页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目子课题(2018YFD0100702-3);国家自然科学基金青年基金(31701916);广州市科技计划重点项目(201804020047);广东省科技计划公益研究与能力建设项目(2019B030316015)

摘　　要：【目的】为方便研究瓜类疫病,快速筛选抗疫病的瓜类材料,建立快速安全有效的瓜类疫病抗性鉴定体系。【方法】通过灌根、喷雾、浸根、菌块离体接种等4种接种方法对黄瓜抗病材料和感病材料幼苗进行接种,通过比较发病率、发病时间及操作程序等确定最简便有效的鉴定方法。【结果】4种接种方法均能鉴定黄瓜疫病抗感情况,但是鉴定效果差异显著。浸根法、喷雾法、灌根法接种合适浓度均为10~2个孢子/mL,操作复杂,接种效率低。菌块离体接种方法利用2 mm直径菌块直接接种于离体子叶背面,放置于有润湿滤纸的培养皿中,保湿24 h即可观察表型,通过计算病斑大小快速鉴定瓜类材料的抗性;利用该方法对40份不同抗性的黄瓜材料进行鉴定,发现栽培黄瓜抗疫病材料极少,只有PE40、PE119、PE120、PE185等4份材料具有抗性,90%的材料均为感病或高感。【结论】菌块子叶离体接种法是瓜类疫病鉴定的快捷有效方法,该方法无需诱孢,能够一次性鉴定数百份材料,且能够保存感病材料或中间材料,大大提高鉴定效率,为瓜类疫病抗性育种奠定基础。【Objective】In order to facilitate the research of melon blight and screen the blight-resistant cucurbit varieties rapidly,a resistance-identification method for cucurbit phytophthora blight was established.【Method】The seedlings of cucumber disease-resistant materials and disease-infected materials were inoculated by four inoculation methods,such as root pouring,spore-spraying,root soaking and in vitro inoculation of mycelial pellet,and the most convenient and effective identification method was determined by comparing the incidence rate,onset time and operation procedures.【Result】All the four methods could be used to identify the resistance to cucumber phytophthora blight,but the identification effects were different significantly.Root pouring,spraying,and root soaking are applicable to solution with a concentration of 10~2 spores/mL.However,the operation of these methods was complex and the inoculation efficiency was low.As for in vitro inoculation of mycelial pellet,a piece of mycelial pellet with the diameter of 2 mm was directly inoculated on the back of excised cotyledons and put in a petri dish with wet filter paper.Then the phenotype was observed after being moisturized for 24h.And the resistance of cucumber materials was identified by calculating the size of the disease spot.By using this method,40 pieces of cucumber materials with different resistance were identified.It was found that only 4 cucumber cultivars(PE40,PE119,PE120,PE185)were resistant to phytophthora blight,and 90%of them were susceptible or highly susceptible.【Conclusion】The results showed that the inoculation of excised cotyledon of mycelial pellet is a fast and effective method to identify cucurbit phytophthora blight.This method can identify hundreds of materials at one time without spores while preserving susceptible materials or intermediate materials,thus improving the identification efficiency and laying a foundation for resistance breeding to cucurbit phytophthora blight.

关 键 词：瓜类蔬菜 疫病 抗性鉴定 瓜类疫霉 离体接种 

分 类 号：S642[农业科学—蔬菜学]