春羽炭疽病病原鉴定及生物学特性研究  

Research on Identification and Biological Characteristics of the Pathogen of Philodendron bipinnatifidum

作　　者：余凤玉[1] 宋薇薇[1] 韩轩[1] YU Fengyu;SONG Weiwei;HAN Xuan(Coconut Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Wenchang 571339,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2019年第10期76-81,共6页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：2018年海南省科学普及专项(SQ2017KPJD0004)

摘　　要：【目的】在海南省文昌市椰子大观园露地种植的春羽(Philodendron bipinnatifidum Schott ex Endl.)上发现一种叶斑病,明确了该病害的病原物和部分生物学特性。【方法】通过分离培养和接种试验,经传统形态学及分子生物学方法鉴定了致病菌,采用十字交叉法和血球计数板法测定该病原菌的生物学特性。【结果】该病原菌鉴定为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides),菌丝初期为白色,后转为青灰色,产生红色孢子堆。分生孢子椭圆形,大小为6.14~14.69μm×2.96~6.49μm。菌丝生长最适温度为25℃,最适pH值为8~9;产孢最适温度为30℃,最适pH为9。此菌能利用多种碳源,但利用能力有差异,最适菌丝生长的碳源为蔗糖;最适氮源为硝酸钠,硝酸铵和硫酸铵作为氮源培养基明显不利于菌丝生长。【结论】首次对春羽炭疽病病原进行分离鉴定,该病原菌最适生长温度为25℃,pH为9,最适碳氮源分别为蔗糖和硝酸钠。【Objective】A new leaf spot disease was found from Philodendron bipinnatifidum in Wenchang,Hainan Province and its pathogen and biological characteristics were identified.【Method】Isolation culture and inoculation test were carried out,and traditional morphology and molecular methods was adopted identify the pathogen.The crossing method and the blood cell count plate method were used to determined its biological characters.【Result】The pathogen was identified as by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.The colony of the pathogen was white at the initial stage and then changed to green-grey with red spore piles.The conidia were ellipse with the mean size of 6.14~14.69μm×2.96~6.49μm.The optimum temperature for the colony growth was 25℃.The optimum pH value was 9.In the tested carbon sources,the pathogen could make use of many kinds of carbon sources,but the effect was different.The optimum carbon source and nitrogen source were sucrose and sodium nitrate,respectively.Obviously,ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate(as nitrogen sources)were not conducive for the mycelium growth.【Conclusion】The pathogen of anthracnose in P.bipinnatifidum was isolated and identified for the first time.The optimum growth temperature and pH for the growth of the pathogen were 25℃and 9,respectively.The optimum carbon and nitrogen sources were sucrose and sodium nitrate.

关 键 词：春羽 炭疽病 胶孢炭疽菌 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S436.8[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]