全株玉米青贮、谷草和羊草组合全混合日粮饲喂干奶前期奶牛对其围产期生产性能和血液生化及免疫指标的影响  

Effects of whole corn silage, millet straw and Leymus chinensis combined in total mixed ration fed Holstein cows in the early dry period on its performance and blood biochemical and immune indicators inperinatal period

作　　者：任伟忠 高艳霞[1] 李秋凤[1] 曹玉凤[1] 李建国[1] REN Wei-zhong;GAO Yan-xia;LI Qiu-feng;CAO Yu-feng;LI Jian-guo(College of Animal Science and Technology,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学动物科技学院

出　　处：《草业学报》2019年第12期124-136,共13页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503134);国家奶牛产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-36)资助

摘　　要：在研究不同比例全株玉米青贮、谷草和羊草组合日粮饲喂干奶前期奶牛对其围产期生产性能和血液生化及免疫指标的影响。选择健康、体况一致的干奶前期荷斯坦奶牛45头,根据体重、胎次及预产期接近(P>0.05)的原则将奶牛随机分为试验A、B和C组,每组15头。分别以精料、全株玉米青贮、谷草和羊草16∶24∶30∶30(A组)、16∶24∶45∶15(B组)和16∶24∶60∶0(C组)比例配合日粮饲喂。产前2周将3组试验牛转入围产牛群,3个试验组开始饲喂场内同一围产前期和新产牛日粮。试验期88 d。结果表明:1)与C组相比,B组在产后1、2和3周的干物质采食量分别提高10.46%(P<0.05)、7.79%(P<0.05)和5.65%(P<0.05)。除产后1周外,产后2、3周B组的奶牛体况评分分别比C组高6.60%(P<0.05)和9.06%(P<0.05)。2)各试验组的犊牛初生重差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验A、B组初乳免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量分别比C组提高10.82%(P<0.01)和18.07%(P<0.01)。3)与C组相比,B组产后21 d产奶量提高9.00%(P<0.05),乳非脂固形物率提高2.83%(P<0.05),乳蛋白率提高10.59%(P<0.05),乳糖率提高5.64%(P<0.05)。各试验组间乳脂率和尿素氮无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)分娩当天和产后21 d,B组的血清甘油三酯含量显著低于A和C组(P<0.05),B组的血糖含量显著高于A和C组(P<0.05),B组的血清尿素氮和胰岛素显著低于C组(P<0.05),B组的胰岛素样生长因子I(IGF-I)和总蛋白显著高于C组(P<0.05);在产前7 d和分娩当天,B组的血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白B(IgM)和IgG显著高于C组(P<0.05);在产后21 d,B组的血清IgM和IgG含量显著高于C组(P<0.05);产前7 d和分娩当天,B组瘦素显著高于C组,而B组的血清非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)含量显著低于C组(P<0.05);在产前7 d、分娩当天和产后21 d,B组的胆固醇均显著低于C组(P<0.05),B组的血清白蛋白含量显著高于C组,B组谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)也显著低于C组(P<0.05)。各试验组间β-The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects on cow performance and blood biochemical and immune indicators in the perinatal period,of different proportions of millet straw and Leymus chinensis,added to a constant base of 16%concentrate and 24%whole-plant maize silage in a total mixed ration(TMR)diet fed to Holstein cows in the early dry period.Forty-five Holstein cows with similar body weight,parity,body condition and calving date in the early dry period were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups:A,B and C,fed with a TMR diet comprising concentrate,whole-plant corn silage,millet straw and L.chinensis in ratios of 16∶24∶30∶30,16∶24∶45∶15 and 16∶24∶60∶0,respectively.The three groups of cows were transferred to a perinatal herd two weeks before calving,and after transfer were fed the same diets in the pre-perinatal and post-perinatal period.The whole trial lasted for 88 days.The results showed that:1)Compared with group C,the dry matter intake(DMI)of group B was increased by 10.46%(P<0.05),7.79%(P<0.05)and 5.65%(P<0.05),respectively,at week 1,week 2 and week 3 postpartum.In addition,at 1 week postpartum,the body condition scoring of cows in group B was 6.60%higher than that of group C(P<0.05),while at 2 and 3 weeks postpartum BCS was 9.06%higher(P<0.05).2)There was no significant difference between the 3 test groups(P>0.05)in the birth weight of calves.The Immunoglobulin(Ig)G content of colostrum in group A and B was,respectively 10.82%(P<0.01)and 18.07%(P<0.01)higher than that in group C.3)Compared with group C,the milk yield of group B was increased by 9.00%(P<0.05),the non-fat solid content by 2.83%(P<0.05),the milk protein content by 10.59%(P<0.05)and the lactose content by 5.64%(P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in milk fat percentage and milk urea nitrogen among the test groups(P>0.05).4)On the day of delivery and 21 days after delivery,the serum triglyceride levels of group B cows were significantly lower than those of groups A and C(P<0.05),the blood glu

关 键 词：中国荷斯坦奶牛 谷草 羊草 干奶期 围产期 生产性能 

分 类 号：S82[农业科学—畜牧学]