劳动力变化对湖南省甘薯生产及机械应用的影响  

Impacting on Sweetpotato Industry Development and Mechanized Application by the Variations of Labour Force in Hunan Province

作　　者：张道微 张超凡[1] 项伟 罗正 周长富 董芳 黄艳岚[1] 张亚[1] ZHANG Daowei;ZHANG Chaofan;XIANG Wei;LUO Zheng;ZHOU Changfu;DONG Fang;HUANG Yanlan;ZHANG Ya(Crop Research Institute,Changsha Hunan 410125,China;Dry Crop Research Institute,Shaoyang Academy of Agricultural Science,Shaoyang,Hunan 422000,China;The Forestry Department of Liuyang,Liuyang,Hunan 410300,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省作物研究所,长沙410125 [2]邵阳市农业科学院旱作所,湖南邵阳422000 [3]浏阳市林业局,湖南浏阳410300

出　　处：《作物研究》2019年第S01期48-53,共6页Crop Research

基　　金：国家甘薯产业技术体系(CARS-10-C-16-2019);湖南省旱粮产业技术体系育种与良种繁育岗位(湘农发(2019)105号);湖南农业科技创新资金项目(2017XC13);湖南省甘薯工程技术研究中心项目(2018TP2032)。

摘　　要：近年来湖南省甘薯种植面积呈下降趋势,但其总产值下降并不显著。为分析该现象产生的原因,本研究通过调研和统计分析,结合劳动力成本、流向、年龄分布等因素分析了甘薯产业产量、种植面积、产值等发生变化的原因,进而分析了劳动力变化过程中甘薯机械化生产的优势和主要问题。结果发现湖南省甘薯产值主要受劳动力价格影响,种植面积减少主要受劳动力成本限制,劳动力流出比例大、成本逐年增涨、劳动力严重老龄化是影响甘薯产业发展的重要限制因素。机械化生产将能显著降低生产成本,但是同样受劳动力价格和劳动者技能掌握程度等因素影响。劳动力成本的增涨,迫使产业寻求更优化的生产工具和生产方式,分析发现在达到一定种植规模时,机械化生产的节本增效效果显著,然而机械化生产也存在自身的限制因素,生产过程对劳动者的技术要求高、农民购买力不足是当前产业发展不可忽视的限制因素。In recent years,the cultivated area of S-Weetpotato showed a downward trend in Hunan province.However,it is in­teresting to note that there was no significant decline in the total output of sweetpotato.To explain the causes of above phe­nomenon,the advantages and disadvantages of mechanical production for sweetpotato were analyzed in this study.The chan­ges in yield,cultivated area and output value of s"weet potato industry were analyzed base on the indices of cost,flow direc­tion and age distribution of labor via industrial survey and statistical analysis.The results show that the output value of sweetpotato is afected by labor price and the decreasing cultivated area is limited by labor cost.A large number of labor outflow,the rising of labor cost and serious ageing of labour force are the important limiting factors to afect sweetpotato in­dustry development Although mechanical production will significantly reduce the sweetpotato production costs,the degree of mechanization of sweetpotato in Hunan province is affected by the factors of labor price and labor proficiency.Production tools and production methods of sweetpotato industry need to be optimized due to increasing labor cost.Mechanical produc­tion has an obvious advantage in reducing production cost when the cultivated area reached a certain scale.However,me­chanical production has some limiting factors such as high technical requirements for the workers and insufficient purcha-sing power of farmers,which are the cost factors that cannot be ignored in current sweet potato industry development.

关 键 词：甘薯产业 劳动力 成本 机械化 湖南 

分 类 号：F326.11[经济管理—产业经济]