丁草胺及其复配剂对水生生物的急性毒性与安全性评价  

Acute toxicity and safety evaluation of butachlor and its compound agents on aquatic organisms

作　　者：曾兆华[1] 林涛[1] 林岭虹 方慧玲 朱珍珍 杨广 游泳[1] ZENG Zhaohua;LIN Tao;LIN Linghong;FANG Huiling;ZHU Zhenzhen;YANG Guang;YOU Yong(L Institute of Plant Protection,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science,Fuzhou,Fujian 350013,China;Key Laboratory of Green Control of Insect Pests(Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University),Fujian Province University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所,福建福州350013 [2]害虫绿色防控福建省高等学校重点实验室,福建福州350002

出　　处：《武夷科学》2019年第2期115-121,共7页Wuyi Science Journal

基　　金：福建省省属公益类科研院所专项(2017R1025-11,2019R1024-7);害虫绿色防控福建省高等学校重点实验室开放研究基金(PTJH1700703);福建省农业科学院青年科技创新团队(STIT20117-3-2)

摘　　要：丁草胺及其复配剂是防治稻田杂草的重要农药品种,为明确此类农药对水生生物的毒性,在稻区进行杂草防治时避免和减轻对水生生物的毒害,分别测定了50%丁草胺乳油、70%丁草胺·异噁草松·吡嘧磺隆乳油、75%丁草胺·噁草酮·乙氧氟草醚乳油、78%丁草胺·噁草酮乳油对斜生栅藻、大型溞和斑马鱼的急性毒性。结果显示4种制剂对斜生栅藻72 h的EC50分别为4.143×10^-3, 3.207×10^-3, 1.936×10^-4和1.144×10^-3 mg a.i.·L^-1,且均为高毒;大型溞48 h的EC50分别为1.576、2.165、1.284和1.595 mg a.i.·L^-1,且均为中毒;斑马鱼96 h的LC50分别为0.440、0.407、0.871和0.445 mg a.i.·L^-1,且均为高毒。结果表明,丁草胺单剂及3种复配剂对大型溞的安全风险性较低,但对斜生栅藻和斑马鱼的安全风险性很高,因此在施用农药时应注意对藻类的危害,避免在雨天或鱼类敏感水区及保护区附近施用。Butachlor and its composite agents are important pesticides that are widely used to control weeds in rice fields. The aim of this investigation was to clarify the toxicity of Butachlor and its composite agents to aquatic organisms, to both avoid and reduce the toxicity of rice fields. The acute toxicity of 50% butachlor EC, 70% butachlor·clomazone pyrazosulfuron-ethyl EC, 75% butachlor oxadiazon oxyfluorfel EC, 78% butachlor oxadiazon EC to Desmodesmus subspicatus, Daphnia magna, and Brachydanio rerio were determined. The results showed that the 72 h-EC50 values of acute oral toxicity to Desmodesmus subspicatus were 4.143×10^-3, 3.207×10^-3, 1.936×10^-4 and 1.144×10^-3 mg a.i.·L^-1, respectively, and they were all highly toxic. The 48 h-EC50 values of acute oral toxicity to Daphnia magna were 1.576, 2.165, 1.284, and 1.595 mg a.i.·L^-1, respectively, and they were all moderately toxic. The 96 h-LC50 values of acute oral toxicity to Brachydanio rerio were 0.440, 0.407, 0.871 and 0.445 mg a.i.·L^-1, respectively, and these were all were highly toxic. The results showed that the butachlor agent and its 3 joint compounds had lower safety risks to Daphnia magna, but the safety risk to Desmodesmus subspicatus and Brachydanio rerio were very high. Therefore, attention should be paid to algae when applying pesticides as they may be hazardous, and applications should be avoided on rainy days or near sensitive areas of fish and protected areas.

关 键 词：丁草胺 复配剂 斜生栅藻 大型溞 斑马鱼 急性毒性 安全评价 

分 类 号：Q946.8[生物学—植物学]