雷达测雨及其在土壤侵蚀中的应用研究进展  

Advances in Radar Rainfall Measurement and Its Application in Soil Erosion

作　　者：田丹丹 殷水清 TIAN Dandan;YIN Shuiqing(State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology,Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)

机构地区：[1]地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室北京师范大学地理科学学部

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2019年第6期1-9,共9页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“基于环流分型的多站点日降水随机模拟”(41877068);地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室项目(2017-FX-06(2))

摘　　要：高时空分辨率天气雷达测雨对于监测中小尺度降雨系统的演变及定量估测降雨分布有重要意义。将雷达降雨资料用于土壤侵蚀的相关研究在世界各地陆续开展。综述了雷达反射率因子反演降雨方法的国内外研究进展,对比了我国不同地区雷达反射率因子(Z)反演降雨强度(I)的转换关系(Z=aIb),梳理了雷达降雨场应用于土壤侵蚀经验和机理模型进行土壤侵蚀监测与评估的相关进展。结果表明:a值变化于10~400,b值变化于1.2~3.8,且a和b之间存在显著的负相关关系;西南地区a值是所有地区中最大的,华东和华北地区b值较其他区域大;积状云降雨与层状云和混合型降雨相比,a值较大,b值较小;各地研究表明雷达数据的即时性和高时空分辨率能提高土壤侵蚀监测与评估的时效性和精度。最后,对雷达降雨资料应用于土壤侵蚀模型的研究趋势进行了展望。Radar rainfall measurement with high spatio-temporal resolutions are useful in monitoring the small and middle scale rainfall systems and estimating the precipitation intensity distribution.Research on the application of radar precipitation data in the soil erosion has been conducted all throughout the world during the past decades.This study reviewed references on the approaches for obtaining the rainfall intensity from the radar reflectivity factor,compared the conversion relationships(Z=aIb)between radar reflectivity factor(Z)and precipitation intensity(I)in different regions of China,and summarized the progress of applying radar precipitation field data in the monitoring and assessment of soil erosion based on the empirical and physical models.Results indicated that a significant negative correlation were found between a and b,and the ranges of a and b varied from 10 to 400 and 1.2 to 3.8,respectively.Southwest China was characterized with the largest a.East China and North China had the greater b than the other regions.Compared with stratiform and convective-stratiform mixed precipitation,cumulus convective precipitation had the greater a and lower b.Various studies have showed that the real-time,high spatiotemporal resolution of radar data can increase the efficiency and accuracy of soil erosion monitoring and assessment.Finally,the application of radar rainfall data in soil erosion models was prospected.

关 键 词：雷达降雨 Z-I关系 土壤侵蚀模型 

分 类 号：P412.25[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]