模拟降雨条件下垄沟坡度对溶解态氮磷流失的影响  

Impact of Furrow Slopes on Losses of Dissolved Nitrogen and Phosphorus Under Simulated Rainfall

作　　者：扈晓碟 张含玉[1] 刘前进[1] 徐相忠 邱德勋 马良[2] HU Xiaodie;ZHANG Hanyu;LIU Qianjin;XU Xiangzhong;QIU Dexun;MA Liang(Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection,College of Resources and Environment,Linyi University,Linyi,Shandong 276005;Water Resources Research Institute of Shandong Province,Shandong Society of Soil and Water Conservation,Ji’nan 250013)

机构地区：[1]山东省水土保持与环境保育重点实验室,临沂大学资源环境学院,山东临沂276005 [2]山东省水利科学研究院,山东水土保持学会,济南250013

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2019年第6期41-46,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41701311,41571261);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2017JL019,ZR2017PD003);山东水土保持学会重点领域创新项目(2018003);山东省重点研发计划项目(2018GSF117001)

摘　　要：为揭示不同垄沟坡度对径流中溶解态氮、磷流失的影响,采用人工模拟降雨试验,设置4个垄沟坡度处理(0°,9°,18°和27°),研究了不同垄沟坡度对径流中速效磷(PO4^3-—P)、硝态氮(NO3^-—N)和铵态氮(NH4^+—N)浓度和流失量的影响;并利用Inorganic—N/PO4^3-—P、NO3^-—N/PO4^3-—P和NH4^+—N/PO4^3-—P 3种氮磷比,评价不同处理的富营养化风险。结果表明:(1)在降雨过程中,4个垄沟坡度处理径流中PO4^3-—P、NO3^-—N和NH4^+—N浓度随时间均呈锯齿状变化;其流失量随时间变化均呈先增加后以锯齿状变化的趋势,且波动幅度大,最大值(16.60,1020.73,48.35 mg)分别出现在垄沟坡度为0°,0°和9°处理。(2)4个垄沟坡度处理间相比较,径流中PO43-—P和NH4+—N流失量均表现为0°>9°>27°>18°,其浓度最大值(0.50,1.08 mg/L)和最小值(0.37,0.76 mg/L)均分别出现在垄沟坡度为9°和18°处理;而径流中NO3-—N浓度和流失量均在垄沟坡度0°处理时为最大值(30.68 mg/L和64.16 mg/m^2),18°处理时为最小值(21.78 mg/L和42.22 mg/m^2)。(3)Inorganic—N/PO4^3-—P率和NH4^+—N/PO4^3-—P率表明4个垄沟坡度处理径流中均存在一定的富营养化风险。其中,垄沟坡度为0°处理的径流富营养化风险水平最高,27°处理的径流富营养化风险水平最低。研究结果可为横坡垄作的水土流失及养分流失评价、预测以及防治提供科学依据。This study explored the effects of four furrow slopes(0°,9°,18°and 27°)on the concentrations and losses of PO4^3-—P,NO3^-—N and NH4^+—N through simulated rainfall experiments,and evaluated eutrophication risk of the runoff by the ratios of Inorganic—N/PO4^3-—P,NH4^+—N/PO4^3-—P,and NH4^+—N/PO4^3-—P.The results were as follow:(1)PO4^3-—P,NO3^-—N,and NH4^+—N concentrations changed in the shape of wavy serrated shape with rainfall time under four furrow slopes.As for losses,their maximum value(16.60,1020.73,48.35 mg)appeared in 0°,0°,and 9°when they increased firstly and then changed in zigzag shape with rainfall time.(2)Under different furrow slopes,PO4^3-—P and NH4^+—N losses in runoff water were in order of 0°>9°>27°>18°,whose concentration maximum value(0.50,1.08 mg/L)and minimum value(0.37,0.76 mg/L)appeared in 9°and 18°.NH4^+—N concentration and losses maximum value(30.68 mg/L and 64.16 mg/m^2)and minimum value(21.78 mg/L and 42.22 mg/m^2)appeared in 0°and 18°in runoff water.(3)The ratios of Inorganic—N/PO4^3-—P and NH4^+—N/PO4^3-—P showed that four furrow slopes output runoff all had eutrophication risk,and the 0°output runoff of that was the highest and the 27°was the lowest.These findings would provide scientific guidance for evaluation,prediction,and control of soil and water loss and nutrient loss in contour ridge system.

关 键 词：横坡垄作 垄沟坡度 模拟降雨 氮磷流失 富营养化风险 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]