国内水环境中有机农药残留的文献分析  

Organic pesticide residues in water environment, China

作　　者：谢许情[1] 孔令岩[1] 饶裕莲 章英[1] XIE Xu-qing;KONG Ling-yan;RAO Yu-lian;ZHANG Ying(Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330038,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2019年第23期4251-4255,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的综述国内水环境中农药残留研究现状,为深入研究农药残留提供参考和借鉴。方法基于中国知网和PubMed,检索在2008年8月1日至2018年8月1日发表的篇名含农药和水或湖、河的文献,共检索英文文献581篇,中文文献121篇,剔除国外水体、检测方法、生态风险研究、底泥中农药研究得英文文献35篇、中文文献25篇,对所选文献中农药残留污染状况、时空分布及人体健康危害风险进行归纳。结果水环境中农药残留以有机氯类和有机磷类为主,有机氯类对人体健康危害风险最大,污染主要来自历史使用;有机磷类残留浓度最高,污染来自新近使用;农药使用种类、喷药方式、河流分布、气温、降雨、工农业情况、光照、土壤性质等是水中农药含量的主要影响因素;水中农药研究主要集中在大江、大河及大城市周边河流,对农业区饮用水研究不足。结论应加强农村饮用水中农药残留调查及影响因素研究。Objective To summarize the research status of pesticide residues in water environment in China,so as to provide reference for further study of pesticide residues.Methods The papers published from August 1,2008 to August 1,2018 were searched on CNKI and PubMed with the restriction that both pesticides and water,lakes or rivers were included in the titles.A total of 581 English papers and 121 Chinese papers were searched.35 English papers and 25 Chinese papers were excluded from the review,which was studied on foreign water environments,detection methods,ecological risks of pesticides in sediment.The status of pesticide residue pollution,spatial and temporal distribution and risk of human health hazards in these papers were summarized.Results Pesticide residues in water environment were mainly organochlorine class and organophosphate class,organochlorine posed the greatest risk to human health and the pollution mainly came from historical use.Organophosphorus residue concentration was the highest and pollution was from recent use.Pesticide types,spraying method,river distribution,temperature,rainfall,industrial and agricultural conditions,illumination,soil properties were all the main influence factors of pesticide content in water.The research of pesticide residues in water environment was mainly concentrated on large rivers,lakes or rivers around big cities.Moreover,investigation of drinking water in agricultural areas was rare.Conclusion Research on pesticide residues in rural drinking water and the related influence factors research should be increased.

关 键 词：水环境 农药残留 污染特征 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学]