自然状态、个体自由与历史进程——卢梭式伦理生活的三个向度  

State of Nature,Ndividual Freedom and Historic Process——Three Dimensions of Rousseauian Ethical Life

作　　者：汪功伟[1] Wang Gongwei

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院

出　　处：《理论界》2019年第10期43-51,共9页Theory Horizon

摘　　要：卢梭看似矛盾的作品能够提炼出一个整体的逻辑框架,该框架的中心则定位于卢梭所孜孜以求的伦理生活,而对这种伦理生活的样态进行规定的分别是自然状态、个体自由和历史进程。自然状态为这种伦理生活提供了规范性尺度,个体自由确保了个体拥有进行伦理规划的能动性,而历史进程则将这种规划扩展为关乎人类整体的社会--历史实践。在这诸种规定性之间,卢梭提出了针对人类个体和整体两个层面的规划,并同时试图将这两重规划统一起来--即便困难重重。同时,卢梭作品也可表露出现代伦理--政治实践特征的某一侧面;而从现代性的角度来看,卢梭的规划既表明了一种现代性的态度,又遭遇了关乎现代性的两难;因此,以卢梭的作品为导向依然可以成为理解现代性的一个选择。Wang GongweiIn Rousseau’s seemingly-contradictory works can be discovered a logical frame, in which the central point is the ethical life which Rousseau endeavors to achieve.Furthermore,the state of nature,the individual freedom and the historic process are three important dimensions determining the ethical life.The state of nature offers a normative standard;the individual freedom guarantees the agency depending on which individuals could design their ethical practice;and the history process projects this kind of practice into a total framework of human socio-historic practice.Among these factors, Rousseau provides the designs aiming at two levels--the individual human being and the total human beings;and he seeks to unite them in spite of much difficulty.Rousseau’ s works are also illustrative of an aspect of the modern ethico-political practice.From the perspective of modernity, the designs put forward by Rousseau present both the stance towards modernity and the encounter with the dilemma of modernity.Therefore, Rousseau’ s works are still a guide to understand the logic of modernity.

关 键 词：卢梭 自然状态 个体自由 历史 伦理生活 

分 类 号：B0[哲学宗教—哲学理论]