贵州雷公山土壤发生学性状的垂直变化特征研究  

Vertical Variation Characteristics of Soil Genetic Characteristics in Leigong Mountain, Guizhou Province

作　　者：章明奎[1] 邱志腾[1] 毛霞丽 ZHANG Ming-kui;QIU Zhi-teng;MAO Xia-li(College of Environmental and Resource Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境与资源学院

出　　处：《土壤通报》2019年第4期757-764,共8页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家科技基础性工作专项项目“我国土系调查与《中国土系志(中西部卷)》编制”(2014FY110200)资助

摘　　要：为了解我国亚热带山地土壤发生学性状随海拔的垂直变化特点,选择位于亚热带常湿润气候区的贵州省雷公山作为研究对象,调查与采样分析了不同海拔高度的17个土壤剖面的理化性状及其与海拔的关系。结果表明,雷公山土壤的众多发生学性状与海拔高度存在显著的相关,随着海拔的升高,呈现土壤矿物质风化减弱而有机质和养分积累增强的变化趋势。表土层厚度、砾石、有机质、全氮和全磷含量、腐殖质的H/F比,土壤粉砂含量、粉黏比、CEC、ba值、氧化铁活化度、黏粒Sa值、黏粒矿物中蛭石和云母相对比例均随海拔的升高而增加;而土体厚度、表土胡敏酸比值、土壤黏粒含量、游离氧化铁含量、氧化铁游离度和黏粒矿物中高岭石相对比例则随海拔升高而下降。研究土壤酸化明显,pH和盐基饱和度普遍较低,随海拔升高的变化趋势不明显。研究认为,雷公山地区土壤发生学性状主要受现代成土环境影响,随海拔变化的温度可能是控制这一地区土壤空间变异的主要因素。区内土壤主要发生学性状随海拔升高呈波动状变化,多数发生学性状具有协同变化的特征;不同地理发生学分类土壤带间发生学性状存在一定的差异。根据中国土壤系统分类,研究区土壤类型主要为淋溶土和雏形土,二者也不存在海拔上的明显分界,而呈现复合分布。To understand the vertical variation of soil genetic characteristics with altitude in the subtropical mountainous areas of China,the Leigong Mountain in Guizhou Province,located in the subtropical humid climate region of China,was selected as the research object.Seventeen soil profiles were collected at different altitudes of the mountain,physical and chemical properties of the soils were characterized,and the relationships of soil genetic characteristics with altitude were investigated.The results showed that there were significant correlations Between the genetic characteristics of soil and altitude.With the increase of altitude,the weathering intensity of soil minerals decreased while the accumulation of organic matter and nutrients increased.The thickness of surface soil,contents of gravel,silt,organic matter,total nitrogen and total phosphoms,H/F ratio of humus,silt-to-clay ratio,CEC,ba value(Na20+K20+CaO+MgO/A12O3),iron oxide activation degree,Sa value(SiO2/A12O3)of clay fraction and the relative proportion of vermiculite and mica in clay minerals all increased with the increase of altitude,while the thickness of soil,E/Eg ratio of humic acid in the surface soil,contents of clay and free iron oxide,iron oxide free degree and relative proportion of kaolinite in clay minerals decreased with the increase of altitude.Soil acidification in the area was obvious,and soil pH and base saturation were generally low,and their change trends with elevation were not obvious.The results showed that the soil genetic characteristics in Leigong Mountains were mainly influenced by the modem soil-forming environment,and the temperature that changed with altitude may be the main factor controlling the spatial variation of soil in this area.The main genetic characteristics of the soils in the area fluctuated with elevation,most of them had the characteristics of synergistic change,and there were some differences in genetic characteristics among different geographic genetic soil groups.According to the Chinese Soil Taxonomic Clas

关 键 词：亚热带山地 发生学性状 垂直变化 土壤类型 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]