双季稻-冬闲/油菜田长期种植模式下的土壤肥力质量特征  

Characteristics of Soil Quality in a Long-term Double Cropping Rice System-Winter Fallow/Rape fields

作　　者：黄得志 盛浩[1,2] 潘博 张振华[2] 周萍 HUANG De-zhi;SHENG Hao;PAN Bo;ZHANG Zhen-hua;ZHOU Ping(College of Resources&Environment,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China,Changsha 41012&China;Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]南方粮油作物协同创新中心,湖南长沙410128 [3]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《土壤通报》2019年第4期913-919,共7页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41571234);湖南农业大学“1515”创新团队计划项目资助

摘　　要：为了解长期不同种植模式下高产双季稻田的土壤肥力质量特征,选取湘南地区紫泥田毗邻的长期(>30 a)种植双季稻一冬闲田和双季稻一油菜田,综合分析0~20cm表土的7项物理性质、14项化学性质、2项生物性质共计23项指标,应用主成分分析法,构建土壤肥力质量评价的最小数据集,计算了土壤综合肥力质量指数。结果表明,与长期双季稻一冬闲田相比,长期双季稻一油菜田的土壤略显紧实,最大持水量和毛管持水量下降13%-14%,±壤呈酸化趋势,pH降低0.27个单位;此外,土壤有机质和有效态钙、镁含量也分别降低10%.27%和25%o然而,土壤全磷、有效磷、有效铜和有效锌含量分别大幅提升51%、39%、33%和31%,土壤微生物生物量氮含量提高22%。土壤肥力质量评价的最小数据集包括8项指标:容重、黏粒、毛管持水量、有机质、有效磷、有效钙、有效镁和有效铜。双季稻一冬闲田和双季稻一油菜田土壤肥力质量指数分别为0.72和0.78,即后者土壤肥力质量优于前者;长期种植模式下,水稻土肥力质量评价不仅需要关注土壤有机质,也要重视其他土壤指标,特别是土壤养分有效性。To investigate the characteristics of soil quality in different high-yield double-cropping rice fields,the soil physical,chemical,and biological properties were analyzed at 0-20 cm topsoil of two adjacent long-term(>30 a)paddy fields with the crop rotations of double cropping rice and winter-fallow or double cropping rice and rape.The minimum data set(MDS)and the composite index of soil fertility quality were estimated using principal component analysis(PCA)method.Results showed that compared with the crop rotation of double cropping rice winter and fallow,soil was slightly compacted,and the maximum water holding capacity and capillary water holding capacity were decreased by 13%一14%at the crop rotation of double cropping rice and rape.Besides,soil pH decreased by 0.27 units,and the contents of soil organic matter and available calcium and magnesium were decreased by 10%,27%,and 25%,respectively.However,the contents of total phosphorus,available phosphorus,available copper,and available zinc in the soil were increased by 51%,39%,33%,and 31%,respectively.The soil microbial biomass nitrogen content increase by 22%.The MDS includes 8 indices:bulk density,clay particles,capillary water capacity,soil organic matter,available phosphorus,available calcium,available magnesium,and available copper.The soil fertility quality index was 0.72 and 0.78 at the long-term crop rotation of double cropping rice and winter fallow and double cropping rice and rape,respectively.These results suggested that not only soil organic matter but also the other soil indices,especially for soil nutrient availability,should be considered in the evaluation of paddy soil fertility quality under long-term cropping systems.

关 键 词：水旱轮作 土壤肥力指标 主成分分析 最小数据集 质量指数 

分 类 号：S158.2[农业科学—土壤学]