减氮配施微生物菌剂对水稻根系发育及土壤酶活性的影响  

Effects of Reducing Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined with Microbial Agents on Rice Root Growth and Soil Enzyme Activities

作　　者：李丽 韩周 张昀[1] 燕香梅 高晓丹[1] 张广才[1] 张雅楠 叶超 李少博 LI Li;HAN Zhou;ZHANG Yun;YAN Xiang-mei;ZHANG Guang-cai;GAO Xiao-dan;ZHANG Ya-nan;YE Chao;LI Shao-bo(College of Land and Environment,Shenyang A gricultural University/National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources/Northeast Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation and Improvement,Ministry of Agriculture,Shenyang 110866,China;Modem Agricultural Development Service Center of Liaoyang,Taizihe District,Liaoyang 111000,China;Modern Agriculture R&D Service Center of Shenyang,She nyang A c ade my of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110013,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院/土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室/农业部东北耕地保育重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110866 [2]辽阳市太子河区现代农业发展服务中心,辽宁辽阳111000 [3]沈阳市现代农业研发服务中心(沈阳市农业科学院),辽宁沈阳110013

出　　处：《土壤通报》2019年第4期932-939,共8页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201503118-10);国家自然科学基金(41601230);博士后科学基金(2017M611265)资助

摘　　要：为探明滨海盐渍型水稻土在氮肥减施条件下,微生物菌剂促进水稻根系发育和提高土壤酶活性的作用机制,本试验通过室内盆栽试验,探讨了减氮配施微生物菌剂对水稻根系发育和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:(1)减氮配施微生物菌剂可增加水稻根长、根表面积、根平均直径、总根体积和根尖数,促进水稻根系生长;在施菌剂40~50天内,减氮30%配施菌剂处理较单施全量氮肥处理显著增加了根系生物量。(2)所有氮肥配施菌剂处理的土壤脉酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性均提高;且在施菌剂50天时减氮30%配施菌剂处理的土壤际酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性明显高于其他处理,与单施全量氮肥处理相比,分别提高了22.7%,16.67%和16.35%。以上结果表明,氮肥减量配施微生物菌剂能提高滨海盐渍型水稻土酶活性,促进水稻根系生长。施用微生物菌剂能减少化肥用量,达到提高农业生态系统可持续发展的目的。An in-lab pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of N fertilizer reduction combined with microbial agents on rice root development and soil enzyme activities in coastal saline paddy soil.The results showed that:(1)the combined application of microbial agents and N fertilizer reduction increased the root length,surface area,average diameter,total volume and the number of rice root tips,and promoted the root growth.The root biomass under reducing 30%of N fertilizer with microbial agents was significantly higher than that under full application of N fertilizer in 40~50 days.(2)The activities of soil urease,sucrase and catalase were increased under the application of N fertilizers with microbial agents.Among them,the enzyme activities were the highest under reducing 30%of N fertilizer with microbial agents at the 50th day.Compared with the full application of N fertilizer,the activities of soil urease,sucrase and catalase were increased by 22.7%,16.67%,and 16.35%,respectively.These results indicated that the combined application of microbial agents and reducing N fertilizer could improve enzyme activities and promote rice root growth in coastal saline paddy soil.Application of microbial agents could reduce the use of chemical fertilizers,and improve the sustainable development of the agro—ecosystem.

关 键 词：水稻 减氮施肥 微生物菌剂 土壤酶活性 根系发育 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]