美国农田养分管理体系的发展及启示  

Development and Enlightenment of Cropland Nutrient Management System in the United States

作　　者：潘昭隆 李婷玉 马林[2] 贾小红[3] 张卫峰[1] 张福锁[1] PAN Zhao-long;LI Ting-yu;MA Lin;JIA Xiao-hong;ZHANG Wei-feng;ZHANG Fu-suo(College of Resources and Environment Science s/^ational Academy of Agriculture Green Development/School of Agriculture Green Development,China A gric ultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Center for Agriculturcd Resources Research,Institute of Genetics ond Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050021,China;Beijing Soil Fertilizer Extension Service Station,Beijing 100100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院/中国农业大学农业绿色发展研究院/中国农业大学农业绿色发展学院,北京100193 [2]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,石家庄050021 [3]北京市土肥工作站,北京100101

出　　处：《土壤通报》2019年第4期965-973,共9页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：农业行业管理业务经费(101821301124031006);农业法制建设与政策调研(101721301122441007)资助

摘　　要：本文从美国氮素管理历史出发,通过对美国氮素平衡调控历史变化的分析、农业技术演变规律的阐述、政策法案的梳理以及养分管理机制的解剖,深入理解了美国养分管理体系的发展规律。美国农田养分管理国际领先,主要依赖于完善的市场化服务体系推动了技术的广泛应用。其中政府、科研单位和企业多元融合,形成了多种服务体系并行的技术推广模式,同时耕地保护、精准施肥及信息化等技术的发展也是实现节肥增效的基础。目前我国尚未形成完善的农化服务体系,政府、科研单位和企业未能有效互补,亟需打造一批专业化服务团队,促进农化服务变革以及肥料产业转型升级。可借鉴美国经验,通过政策支持引导企业或科研单位建设服务团队,改变农化服务人员不足现状。The historical changes of nitrogen balance,the processof agricultural technology evolution,and the policiesandacts were summarized,and the mechanism of nutrient managementwas explored,so as to deeply understand the development and successful experience of the nutrient management system in the United States(US).The nutrient management in US is advanced in the world,due to the extensive application of the sound market-oriented service system.In this process,the closely cooperation of the government,scientific research institutions and enterprises formed a technology extension model with multiple service systems.At the same time,the high development of soil conservation technology,precision fertilization technology,informatization technologywere also the basis of fertilizer saving and efficiency increasing in US.Currently,the agricultural services system in China still was not been formed.The government agricultural technology promotion system,scientific research institutions and industries failed to coordinate and complement each other effectively,which resultedinalow service efficiency.Therefore,it was urgent to build a group of professional service teams to promote the transformation of agricultural technology services and the upgrade of fertilizer industries.We could learn from the experience of US and guide the industries or scientific research institutions to build service teams through policies support in order to solvethecurrent dilemma of insufficient extension service personnel.

关 键 词：养分管理 化肥 政策 技术 美国 

分 类 号：S-1[农业科学]