叶面喷施PP333和6-BA对甜荞花芽分化及内源激素的影响  

Effects of PP333 and 6-BA on the Bud Differentiation and Endogenous Hormones of Common Buckwheat

作　　者：金晓蕾 刘景辉[1] 罗中旺 谢锐 JIN Xiaolei;LIU Jinghui;LUO Zhongwang;XIE Rui(Agricultural College,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,China;Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,呼和浩特010019 [2]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,呼和浩特010031

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2019年第11期1988-1997,共10页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：内蒙古自治区创新基金(2017CXJJN08)

摘　　要：以甜荞品种‘北早生’和‘赤甜荞1号’为材料,利用多效唑(PP 333)和6-苄基腺嘌呤(6-BA)在不同幼苗时期进行叶片喷施处理,并采用扫描电镜观察花芽分化过程,记录开花时间,调查开花和结实数,通过液质联用方法检测3种内源激素生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA 3)、脱落酸(ABA)及人工合成细胞分裂素(6-BA)含量,探究两种植物生长调节剂对甜荞的花芽分化及内源激素含量的影响,为甜荞花期调控提供依据。结果显示:(1)第二片真叶期喷施100 mg·L^-1 PP 333和150 mg·L^-1 6-BA能显著提高甜荞结实率和单株产量,两种处理的结实率分别较对照提高49.5%、39.4%,单株产量分别提高41.8%、23.0%。(2)观察甜荞花芽分化过程并将其划分5个时期,分别为生长锥分化前期、生长锥分化期、小花原基分化期、雌雄蕊分化期和雌雄蕊形成期,在第二片真叶期喷施PP 333和6-BA均加快了甜荞花芽分化进程,使其开花时间提前。(3)喷施PP 333在幼苗期和现蕾期降低了内源IAA、6-BA含量,增加GA 3、ABA含量,而在盛花期增加内源IAA、6-BA含量,降低ABA、GA 3含量;喷施6-BA在幼苗期和现蕾期增加了内源GA 3、IAA含量,在盛花期降低了内源GA 3、IAA含量,3个时期均降低了内源ABA含量,增加了6-BA含量。研究发现,第二片真叶期是调控甜荞小花发育的关键时期,在此时叶面喷施100 mg·L^-1 PP 333和150 mg·L^-1 6-BA的调控效果最佳,可加快甜荞花芽分化进程,使开花时间提前,增加单株结实粒数,提高甜荞品种的结实率和单株产量;PP 333主要是通过减少甜荞开花数,增强弱势小花活力来提高结实粒数,而6-BA主要是利用增加开花数,提高有效可孕小花数来增加结实粒数。The aim of the research was to study the effects of two plant growth regulators on flower bud differentiation and endogenous hormone contents and provide evidence for the regulation of common buckwheat.PP333 and 6-BA was sprayed at the different seedling stages on two varieties of‘BZS’and‘CT1’.The bud differentiation was observed by SEM.The flowering time were observed by morphological observation.It recorded the number of flowers and grains.In the process,the changes of three endogenous hormones(IAA,GA3,ABA)and 6-BA were detected by LC/MS.The results demonstrated that:(1)at the second true leaf stage,spraying 100 mg·L^-1 PP 333 and 150 mg·L^-1 6-BA significantly improved the seed setting rate and yield per plant in compare with the control.The seed setting rate both treatments were increased by 49.5%,39.4%,yield per plant increased by 41.8%,23.0%,respectively.(2)Flower bud differentiation was divided into five stages,namely,growth primordial undifferentiating period;growth primordial differentiating period;floret primordial differentiating period;stamen and pistil primordial differentiating stage;stamen and pistil primordial formation period.At the second true leaf stage,PP333 and 6-BA could accelerate the flower bud differentiation process,making the flowering time advance.(3)Spraying PP333 reduced IAA and 6-BA contents at seedling stage and budding stage,increased GA3 and ABA contents,but showed the opposite at flowering stage.Spraying 6-BA increased GA3 and IAA contents at seedling and budding stage,reduced GA3 and IAA contents at flowering stage,reduced ABA content and increased 6-BA content at all three stages.The results showed that spraying 100 mg·L^-1 PP333 and 150 mg·L^-1 6-BA at the second true leaf stage had the best effect,accelerated the flower bud differentiation process,advanced the flowering time,increased the number of seed bearing per plant,and improved the seed setting rate and yield per plant of common buckwheat,clearly proved that the second true leaf stage was the critical perio

关 键 词：甜荞 多效唑(PP333) 6-苄基腺嘌呤(6-BA) 花芽分化 内源激素 

分 类 号：Q945.6[生物学—植物学]