施钾量及配比对寒地水稻干物质积累量及产量的影响  

Effects of Potassium Application and Ratio on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Rice in Cold Region

作　　者：魏媛媛 杜春颖 刘梦红 张兴梅 赵海成 李红宇 郑桂萍 吕艳东 WEI Yuan-yuan;DU Chun-ying;LIU Meng-hong;ZHANG Xing-mei;ZHAO Hai-cheng;LI Hong-yu;ZHENG Gui-ping;LV Yan-dong(Agricultural College,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement,Daqing Heilongjiang 163319,China;The Bureau of Agriculture at Saertu Region,Daqing Heilongjiang 163319,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]大庆市萨尔图区农业局,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《北方水稻》2019年第5期5-12,共8页North Rice

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目（2015BAD23B05-08）;国家重点研发计划（2018YFD0300104）;黑龙江农垦总局科技项目（HNK135-02-02）

摘　　要：为探究施钾量及钾肥苗田与盆栽分配比例对寒地水稻干物质生产及产量的影响,采用二因素完全随机试验设计,盆栽试验,共计9个处理,每个处理16盆,3次重复,设置施钾量3个水平,钾肥苗田与盆栽分配比例3个水平。结果表明,根长、根表面积、根体积、根平均直径、根尖数和根分叉数在40∶60处理间明显增加,较00∶100处理分别增加了16.58%、20.33%、16.35%、4.24%、18.18%、17.11%。在施钾量处理间,随着钾肥用量的减少,叶面积、高效叶面积和干物重也随之下降;苗田与盆栽分配比例40∶60处理极显著高于00∶100处理,分别增加了12.52%、9.69%、6.55%。减钾30%处理可以有效地增加穗数和结实率,从而增加水稻产量;产量在40∶60处理间差异极显著高于00∶100,提高了26.06%。因此,常规施钾下产量高于减钾处理,苗田与盆栽分配比例以B3(40∶60)最佳。To explore the effect of potassium application on dry matter production and yield of rice in cold regions.two-factor completely randomized experimental design was conducted,pot experiment,a total of 9 treatments were carried out,each treatment has 16 pots,three repetitions,three levels of potassium application were set,there were three levels of potassium fertilizer allocation ratio between seedling field and potted plant.The results show that:root length,root surface area,root volume,root mean diameter,root tip number and root bifurcation number increased significantly between 40:60 treatments,compared with 00:100,it increased by 16.58%,20.33%,16.35%,4.24%,18.18%and 17.11%respectively曰under the condition of potassium application,as the amount of potassium fertilizer decreased,leaf area,high efficient leaf area and also decreased;the distribution ratio of seedling field to potted plant was 40:60,which was significantly higher than that of 00:100,the growth rate was 12.52%,9.69%and 6.55%;reducing potassium by 30%could effectively increase panicle number and seed setting rate,thus increasing rice yield;the yield difference between 40:60 treatments was significantly higher than that between 00:100,the increase was 26.06%.Therefore,the combination of A1(conventional potash application)and B3(40:60)can stabilize the yield and reduce the amount of fertilizer.

关 键 词：水稻 钾肥 干物质 产量 

分 类 号：S511.062[农业科学—作物学]