氮、磷、钾失调对土壤有效性及烤烟产质量的影响  

Effects of N, P and K Imbalance on Soil Availability, Yield and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco

作　　者：罗倩 芶剑渝 彭玉龙 刘明宏 张远淑 黄纯杨 申修贤 聂琼[3] LUO Qian;GOU Jian-yu;PENG Yu-long;LIU Ming-hong;ZHANG Yuan-shu;HUANG Chun-yang;SHEN Xiu-xian;NIE Qiong(Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality,College of Tobacco Science of Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,PRC;Zunyi Tobacco Company of Guizhou Province,Zunyi 563000,PRC;Agricultural College of Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,PRC)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学烟草学院,贵州大学贵州省烟草品质研究重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州省烟草公司遵义分公司,贵州遵义563000 [3]贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2019年第11期46-51,共6页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司科技项目(2016-2018);贵州省科技厅人才团队建设项目(黔科合人才团队〔2015〕4011)

摘　　要：以烤烟品种K326为材料,研究氮、磷、钾肥失调情况下,土壤中氮、磷、钾的有效性,烟叶中氮、磷、钾含量的动态性变化以及烟株干物质积累和产质量的差异。试验设置8个施肥处理(T1:不施肥;T2:常规施肥;T3:不施氮肥,磷、钾肥正常施用;T4:施2倍氮肥,磷、钾肥正常施用;T5:不施磷肥,氮、钾肥正常施用;T6:施2倍磷肥,氮、钾肥正常施用;T7:不施钾肥,氮、磷肥正常施用;T8:施2倍钾肥,氮、磷肥正常施用),采用随机区组设计,测定分析土壤中有效氮、磷、钾含量和烤烟农艺性状、经济性状、化学品质。结果表明:以常规施肥,即施用108.2 kg/hm^2氮肥、74.6 kg/hm^2磷肥、276.1 kg/hm^2钾肥的土壤氮、磷、钾的有效性较高,烟株对施肥的响应较明显,农艺性状、经济性状较良好,但烟叶化学成分欠协调。在常规施肥基础上,适当降低氮肥用量,增加磷、钾肥用量将更有利于烟叶化学成分协调,形成优质烟叶。Using the flue-cured tobacco variety K326 as experimental material,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium availability in soil,dynamic changes of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents in tobacco leaves,and differences in dry matter accumulation,yield and quality of tobacco plants under the condition of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium imbalance were studied.In random block design with three replications,the experiment set 8 fertilization levels[T1:no fertilization;T2:conventional fertilization(base fertilizer 820.9 kg/hm^2,N∶P2O5∶K2O=9∶9∶25;after fertilizer 223.9 kg/hm^2,N∶P2O5∶K2O=15∶0∶30);T3:no application of N fertilizer,conventional amounts of P and K fertilizers;T4:2 times N fertilizer,conventional amounts of P and K fertilizers;T5:no application of P fertilizer,conventional amounts of N and K fertilizers;T6:2 times P fertilizer,conventional amounts of N and K fertilizers;T7:no application of K fertilizer,conventional amounts of N and P fertilizers;T8:2 times K fertilizer,conventional amounts of N and P fertilizers].The contents of available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in soil,and agronomic,economic and chemical properties of flue-cured tobacco were determined and analyzed.The results showed that under the conventional fertilizer application,available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in soil were higher,the response of tobacco plants to fertilization was obvious,and the agronomic and economic traits were good,but the chemical compositions of tobacco leaves was not coordinated.On the basis of conventional fertilization,reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer appropriately along with increasing the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers will be more conducive to the coordination of chemical compositions of tobacco leaves and to the formation of high-quality tobacco leaves.

关 键 词：氮 磷 钾 烤烟 有效性 产质量 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]