越南油茶40年生实生林优株筛选与遗传多样性分析  

The Selection of Superior Trees and Analysis of the Genetic Diversity of Forty Years Old Seedling Forest of Camellia vietnamensis

作　　者：陈静[1] 郭钰柬 王佩璇 王红[1] 杨成坤 周开兵[1] CHEN Jing;GUO Yujian;WANG Peixuan;WANG Hong;YANG Chengkun;ZHOU Kaibing(Engineering Research Center of Selecting and Breeding New Tropical Crops Varieties,Hainan University,Ministry of Education,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带作物新品种选育教育部工程研究中心

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2019年第12期2347-2355,共9页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(No.318QN199);海南省重大科技项目(No.ZDKJ2017004)

摘　　要：为了筛选越南油茶实生老林优株和探讨实生变异的遗传多样性,在海南省保梅岭生态保护区以40年生油茶老林32个丰产单株为试验材料,开展了主要农艺性状、经济性状和品质性状的田间调查和实验室检测。结果表明:从32个丰产单株中筛选出果实丰产性良好或果实、种子含油率较高的优株共20株,其中金波5号和23号果实丰产、果实和种子含油率较高;32个单株茶籽油理化性质和脂肪酸含量基本上都达到了《油茶籽油》(GB/T11765-2018)的要求;依据农艺和经济性状、茶籽油理化性质和茶籽油脂肪酸组成等差异分别作聚类分析,可以分别归属成6类(r^2=0.932)、10类(r^2=0.864)和7类(r^2=0.937),3项聚类分析结果都能区分出丰度较高和较低的基因型种类,20个优株分别归属到全部6类、10类中的7类和全部6类中,说明越南油茶实生变异存在丰富的遗传多样性、不同种类基因型存在丰度差异,不同优株分属不同基因型种类。可见,越南油茶的育种目标应以丰产性和稳产性为主,金波5号和23号是有希望上升为品种的优株;越南油茶具备丰富的遗传多样性,且不乏有特色的稀有种质。In order to select superior trees and discuss the genetic diversity among the forest of the adult Camellia vietnamensis seedling trees, surveys and experimental studies about agronomic characters, economic characters and quality characters were carried out in 32 high-yielding seedling trees from 40-year-old forest at Baomeiling Nature Reserve in Hainan. Results indicated that 20 trees proved to be high yield and rich in oil content;meanwhile, the physical-chemical properties and the fatty acid content of the seed oil are essentially in accordance with the quality standards of Oil-tea camellia seed oil(GB/T 11765-2018). The analysis of cluster based on the difference of agronomic characters, economic characters, physical-chemical properties and the fatty acid component demonstrated that the 32 high-yielding seedling trees could be clustered specially into 6 clusters(r^2=0.932), 10 clusters(r^2=0.864) and 7 clusters(r^2=0.937). Each of the three cluster-analysis can distinguish the abundance between different genotypes, and the 20 superior trees can be clustered respectively into all in 6 clusters, 7 in 10 clusters and all in 6 clusters, thus all of the results above illustrated that abundant genomic diversity existed in seedling trees, especially in the aspect of the abundance and genotypes. In conclusion, the breeding efforts should aim to high and stable yields. There are ones which can be expected to be cultivated into superior strains such as Jinbo 5 and 23. The genetic diversity of C. vietnamensis is very high, and some rare germplasm resources can be discovered for breeding.

关 键 词：越南油茶 实生老林 优株 遗传多样性 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]